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The South Country
The South Country

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The South Country is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.
His father had farmed land now covered by streets.
He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.
He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.
He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The South Country

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The South Country is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.
/æn ædˈventʃərər ɪn wʌn ʌv ðə nuː ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz æt ðə edʒ ʌv ðə taʊn bɪˈɑːnd lɪvz ɔːr traɪz tuː laɪv ə mæn huː fɔːt fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz ɪn wʌn ʌv ðə ˈsʌbərbz ə ˈluːzɪŋ ˈbætəl əˈɡenst ˈlʌndən/
Line 2
His father had farmed land now covered by streets.
/hɪz ˈfɑːðər hæd fɑːrmd lænd naʊ ˈkʌvərd baɪ striːts/
Line 3
He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.
/hiː hɪmˈself wɑːz pərˈsweɪdɪd tuː sel ɔːl bʌt hɪz haʊs ənd ˈɡɑːrdən tuː reɪz ˈmʌni fɔːr ə ˈbɪznəs wɪtʃ ˈprɑːməst hɪz sʌnz ɡreɪt welθ/
Line 4
He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.
/hiː rɪˈteɪnd ˈberli ɪˈnʌf tuː laɪv əˈpɑːn ðə ˈbɪznəs æn ˈɑːnəst wʌn feɪld ənd ɪn ə ʃɔːrt taɪm mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz kəmˈpeld hɪm tuː ˈoʊ.pən ə ʃɑːp/
Line 5
He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurer noun US /ædˈventʃərər/

a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading “AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.”

converted verb US /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

cottages noun US /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading “AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.”

farmed verb US /fɑːrmd/

past form of “farm” — be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading “His father had farmed land now covered by streets.”

farmhouse noun US /ˈfɑːrmhaʊs/

house for a farmer and family

From this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

gaudy adjective US /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.”

wares noun US /werz/

plural of “ware” — articles of the same kind or material; usually used in combination: “silverware”, “software”

From this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five years noun + noun

In this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.”

short time adjective + noun

In this reading “He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.”

raise money verb + noun

In this reading “He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.”

great wealth adjective + noun

In this reading “He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

strip of verb + particle

In this reading “He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.”

farmed land verb + noun counted as “farm land”

In this reading “His father had farmed land now covered by streets.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

ADVENTURERnounUS /ædˈventʃərər/

a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

convertedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

cottagesnounUS /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

farmedverbUS /fɑːrmd/

past form of “farm” — be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

farmhousenounUS /ˈfɑːrmhaʊs/

house for a farmer and family

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

gaudyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

lime-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

princessnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

rownounUS /roʊ/

an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading His father had farmed land now covered by streets.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

triesnounUS /traɪz/

plural of “try” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He retained barely enough to live upon; the business, an honest one, failed; and in a short time misfortunes compelled him to open a shop.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

waresnounUS /werz/

plural of “ware” — articles of the same kind or material; usually used in combination: “silverware”, “software”

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He himself was persuaded to sell all but his house and garden to raise money for a business which promised his sons great wealth.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He converted the house--that was once a farmhouse--into a shop, and not five years ago it could still be seen at the end of a row of gaudy, glittering windows, itself a village shop, having but a common house window for the display of wares, the interior gloomy and approached through a strip of garden where a lime-tree put on and shed its leaves with the air of a princess of old romance.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading AN ADVENTURER In one of the new cottages at the edge of the town beyond lives, or tries to live, a man who fought for many years in one of the suburbs a losing battle against London.

Chapter 4 of The South Country by Edward Thomas holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The South Country contain?

Chapter 4 holds 66 sentences of The South Country, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The South Country by Edward Thomas exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The South Country?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The South Country

Common questions about reading The South Country by Edward Thomas on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The South Country?

Yes. All 2870 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60760 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The South Country is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60760, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The South Country take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 574 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The South Country section by section

How to work through The South Country section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The South Country to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The South Country

Words and structures a reader meets early in The South Country, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

South
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The South Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The South Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The South Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hilaire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The South Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.