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The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11
The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11 is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MR.
MADISON was opposed to the amendment.
He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.
He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.
All who knew MR.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11 is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 2
MADISON was opposed to the amendment.
/ˈmædəsən wɑːz əˈpoʊzd tuː ðə əˈmendmənt/
Line 3
He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.
/hiː dɪd nɑːt wɪʃ tuː liːv ðə steɪt ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz ðɪs ˈmɑːdɪkəm ʌv ˈfedərəl ˈpaʊər bɪˈkɔːz hiː wɪʃt ə dɪˈstɪŋkt ənd ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈɡʌvərmənt/
Line 4
He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.
/hiː mʌst hæv ˌfɔːrˈsiːn ðə ˈeksərsaɪz ʌv ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz ənd ˈrekəɡnaɪzd ðə raɪt ɔːr hiː kʊd nɑːt hæv juːzd ðə ɪkˈspreʃənz wɪtʃ fel frʌm hɪm wen ðə raɪt ʌv ɪˈlekʃən wɑːz ˈɡɪvən tuː steɪt ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/
Line 5
All who knew MR.
/ɔːl huː nuː ˈmɪstər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amendment noun US /əˈmendmənt/

the act of amending or correcting

From this reading “MADISON was opposed to the amendment.”

election noun US /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading “He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.”

expressions noun US /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading “He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.”

federal adjective US /ˈfedərəl/

national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units

From this reading “He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.”

foreseen verb US /ˌfɔːrˈsiːn/

inflected form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading “He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.”

legislatures noun US /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading “He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.”

madison noun US /ˈmædəsən/

4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

From this reading “MADISON was opposed to the amendment.”

modicum noun US /ˈmɑːdɪkəm/

a small or moderate or token amount

From this reading “He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fell from verb + particle

In this reading “He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All who knew MR.

amendmentnounUS /əˈmendmənt/

the act of amending or correcting

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

electionnounUS /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

federaladjectiveUS /ˈfedərəl/

national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

foreseenverbUS /ˌfɔːrˈsiːn/

inflected form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading All who knew MR.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

legislaturesnounUS /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

MADISONnounUS /ˈmædəsən/

4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

modicumnounUS /ˈmɑːdɪkəm/

a small or moderate or token amount

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

opposedadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzd/

being in opposition or having an opponent

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MADISON was opposed to the amendment.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He must have foreseen the exercise of instructions and recognized the right; or he could not have used the expressions which fell from him when the right of election was given to state legislatures.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading All who knew MR.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading He did not wish to leave the state legislatures this modicum of federal power, because he wished a distinct and _independent_ government.

Chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11 by Various holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 404 sentences of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11

Words and structures a reader meets early in The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The southern literary messenger, Vol. II. — No. 11, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
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