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The Span o' Life
The Span o' Life

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Span o' Life is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.
Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.
On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.
Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.
My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Span o' Life

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Span o' Life is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.
Line 2
Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.
Line 3
On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.
Line 4
Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.
Line 5
My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

hemmed verb US /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading “Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.”

Highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.”

interpreter noun US /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətər/

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading “My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.”

losses noun US /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading “On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.”

outlying adjective US /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading “"A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.”

positions noun US /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading “"A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.”

volunteers noun US /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrz/

plural of “volunteer” — (military) a person who freely enlists for service

From this reading “On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.”

Wolfe noun US /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading “On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

crept closer verb + particle counted as “creep closer”

In this reading “Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.”

comparatively safe adverb + adjective

In this reading “Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.”

six hundred noun + noun

In this reading “On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.”

at daybreak preposition + noun

In this reading “On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.”

young officer adjective + noun

In this reading “Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.”

interview with verb + particle

In this reading “My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.”

fall back verb + particle

fall backwards and down

In this reading “"A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

78th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

8th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

BACKadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

Bourgognenoun

a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

BRIDGEnounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

closingnounUS /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

colonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

creptverbUS /krept/

inflected form of “creep” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

daybreaknounUS /ˈdeɪbreɪk/

the first light of day

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

defences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

Drucour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

ever-contracting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

harbourverbUS /ˈhɑːrbər/

secretly shelter (as of fugitives or criminals)

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

hemmedverbUS /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

HighlandnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

hurledverbUS /hɜːrld/

past form of “hurl” — throw forcefully

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

interpreternounUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətər/

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

interviewverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuː/

conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

ONE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

outlyingadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

SAFEadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

sorryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːri/

feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

spake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My services as interpreter were not required, as he spake French perfectly, so it was not until after his interview with M. de Drucour that I met him in company with my colonel.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Our ships did little or no effective service, and though we succeeded in closing the mouth of the harbour and were comparatively safe on that side, the English crept closer and closer, until they hemmed us in between their ever-contracting lines and the sea.

volunteersnounUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrz/

plural of “volunteer” — (military) a person who freely enlists for service

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

WolfenounUS /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading On the evening of the 8th of July the colonel of the regiment of Bourgogne called for volunteers, and leaving the town by night, six hundred strong, we hurled ourselves upon the enemy's southern line, only to be driven back with heavy enough losses on each side, and at daybreak to see the English General, Wolfe, in a more advanced position.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading "A FRIEND AT ONE'S BACK IS A SAFE BRIDGE" One after another our positions were abandoned or driven in, until the plan of defence by our outlying works entirely failed, and we were forced to fall back on the sorry defences of the town itself.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Among the prisoners we carried in with us was a young officer of the 78th, a Highland regiment.

Chapter 12 of The Span o' Life by William McLennan holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Span o' Life contain?

Chapter 12 holds 131 sentences of The Span o' Life, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Span o' Life by William McLennan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Span o' Life?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Span o' Life

Common questions about reading The Span o' Life by William McLennan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Span o' Life?

Yes. All 4268 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33731 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Span o' Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33731, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Span o' Life take to read?

About 355 minutes of reading across 854 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Span o' Life section by section

How to work through The Span o' Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Span o' Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Span o' Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Span o' Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Louisbourg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Span o' Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quebec
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Span o' Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Span o' Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mclennan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Span o' Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.