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The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 873 sentences across 175 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/174 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.
XI.
In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]
[Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.
He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 873 sentences across 175 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/174 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.
Line 2
XI.
/ʃiː/
Line 3
In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]
Line 4
[Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.
Line 5
He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dionysius noun US /ˌdaɪəˈnɪsiəs/

the tyrant of Syracuse who fought the Carthaginians (430-367 BC)

From this reading “In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]”

edition noun US /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading “In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]”

educated adjective US /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading “He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.”

Essay noun US /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “[Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.”

Odyssey noun US /ˈɑːdəsi/

a long wandering and eventful journey

From this reading “[Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.”

omitted verb US /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]”

Protestant noun US /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading “He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.”

Translated verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “[Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1633

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

Addison's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

Bknoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium

From this reading [Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

Caen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

Dillon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

DionysiusnounUS /ˌdaɪəˈnɪsiəs/

the tyrant of Syracuse who fought the Carthaginians (430-367 BC)

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

EssaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.

godsonnoun

a male godchild

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

Halicarnassusnoun

an ancient Greek city on the southwestern coast of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; site of the mausoleum at Halicarnassus

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

OdysseynounUS /ˈɑːdəsi/

a long wandering and eventful journey

From this reading [Footnote 3: Odyssey Bk.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

ProtestantnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

Roscommon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

Strafford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

Ticknell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

VersenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

Wentworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 4: Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, author of the Essay on Translated Verse, was nephew and godson to Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was born in Ireland, in 1633, educated at the Protestant University of Caen, and was there when his father died.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In Ticknell's edition of Addison's works the latter part of this sentence is omitted; the same observation having been made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]

XInounUS /ʃiː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of ten and one

From this reading XI.

Chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison holds 873 sentences, grouped into 175 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 873 sentences of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, unabridged, divided into 175 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 873 sentences, grouped into 175 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Work through the 175 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 175 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Common questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Yes. All 33306 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12030 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12030, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6662 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section

How to work through The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knight's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.