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The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 877 sentences across 176 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/175 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.
If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.
She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'
I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.
_Mr_.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 877 sentences across 176 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/175 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.
Line 2
If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.
Line 3
She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'
Line 4
I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.
Line 5
_Mr_.
/ˈmɪstər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blushing adjective US /ˈblʌʃɪŋ/

having a red face from embarrassment or shame or agitation or emotional upset

Cord noun US /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading “She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'”

Distrust noun US /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading “She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'”

nicest adjective US /ˈnaɪsɪst/

superlative of “nice” — pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading “If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.”

Parent noun US /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading “'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.”

pitying verb US /ˈpɪtiɪŋ/

-ing form of “pity” — share the suffering of

From this reading “She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'”

Stain noun US /steɪn/

a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading “If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.”

Tho noun US /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading “She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

adorn'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

BloomnounUS /bluːm/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

blushingadjectiveUS /ˈblʌʃɪŋ/

having a red face from embarrassment or shame or agitation or emotional upset

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

Claudia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

comply'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

CordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

defil'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

DisgraceverbUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

DistrustnounUS /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

DoomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

e'eradverb

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

EyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

Follow'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

GoddessnounUS /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

GodsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

GoodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

GuidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

Heav'n

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

HonournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

InnocencenounUS /ˈɪnəsəns/

the quality of innocent naivete

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

Lewdnessnoun

the trait of behaving in an obscene manner

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

MaidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

March'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading _Mr_.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

nicestadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪsɪst/

superlative of “nice” — pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

ohnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

PacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

ParentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

Philagnotes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

pityingverbUS /ˈpɪtiɪŋ/

-ing form of “pity” — share the suffering of

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

Pray'r

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

prov'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

punishverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

remov'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

RewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

RulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

ServantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

StainnounUS /steɪn/

a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

Surprize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

sway'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

ThonounUS /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

touch'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

unblemish'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

VirginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

VirtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

Vouchsafeverb

grant in a condescending manner

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading 'Parent of Gods, began the weeping Fair, Reward or punish, but oh! hear my Pray'r.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

witness'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

WondersnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading She spoke, and touch'd the Cord with glad Surprize, (The truth was witness'd by ten thousand Eyes) The pitying Goddess easily comply'd, Follow'd in triumph, and adorn'd her Guide; While_ Claudia, _blushing still far past Disgrace, March'd silent on with a slow solemn Pace: Nor yet from some was all Distrust remov'd, Tho' Heav'n such Virtue by such Wonders prov'd.'

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading If Lewdness e'er defil'd my Virgin Bloom, From Heav'n with Justice I receive my Doom; But if my Honour yet has known no Stain, Thou, Goddess, thou my Innocence maintain; Thou, whom the nicest Rules of Goodness sway'd, Vouchsafe to follow an unblemish'd Maid.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, _Philagnotes_.

Chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison holds 877 sentences, grouped into 176 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 contain?

Chapter 31 holds 877 sentences of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, unabridged, divided into 176 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 877 sentences, grouped into 176 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Work through the 176 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 176 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Common questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Yes. All 33306 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12030 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12030, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6662 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section

How to work through The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knight's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.