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The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 833 sentences across 167 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/166 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.
_First_, It is a Mark of Politeness.
It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.
The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.
The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is here in full — 833 sentences across 167 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/166 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.
Line 2
_First_, It is a Mark of Politeness.
/fɜːrst ɪt ɪz ə mɑːrk ʌv pəˈlaɪtnəs/
Line 3
It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.
Line 4
The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.
Line 5
The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.
/ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈneɪʃənz ʌv ðə wɜːrld ɑːr æz mʌtʃ dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt baɪ ðer ˈklenlinɪs æz baɪ ðer ɑːrts ənd ˈsaɪənsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Analogy noun US /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.”

arises verb US /ərˈaɪzəz/

third-person singular of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.”

Aristotle noun US /ˈerəstɑːtəl/

one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)

Cleanliness noun US /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading “The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.”

occasioned verb US /əˈkeɪʒənd/

past form of “occasion” — give occasion to

From this reading “This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.”

produces noun US /prəˈduːsəz/

plural of “produce” — fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market

From this reading “This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.”

Sciences noun US /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading “The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.”

universally adverb US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading “It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

AdventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

AnalogynounUS /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

arisesverbUS /ərˈaɪzəz/

third-person singular of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

AristotlenounUS /ˈerəstɑːtəl/

one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

ArtsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

CleanlinessnounUS /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

DutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _First_, It is a Mark of Politeness.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

FortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

Half-Virtues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

HeadsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

hintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

manifestverbUS /ˈmænəfest/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

MindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

NationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

occasionedverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənd/

past form of “occasion” — give occasion to

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

Offencenoun

the action of attacking an enemy

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

PolitenessnounUS /pəˈlaɪtnəs/

a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

producesnounUS /prəˈduːsəz/

plural of “produce” — fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

proportionably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The easier or higher any one's Fortune is, this Duty arises proportionably.

PuritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

recommendverbUS /ˌrekəˈmend/

push for something

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

SciencesnounUS /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

unadorn'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

universallyadverbUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

VirtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This Adventure occasioned my throwing together a few hints upon _Cleanliness_, which I shall consider as one of the _Half-Virtues_, as _Aristotle_ calls them, and shall recommend it under the three following Heads, As it is a Mark of Politeness; As it produces Love; and As it bears Analogy to Purity of Mind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It is universally agreed upon, that no one, unadorn'd with this Virtue, can go into Company without giving a manifest Offence.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The different Nations of the World are as much distinguished by their Cleanliness, as by their Arts and Sciences.

Chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison holds 833 sentences, grouped into 167 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 contain?

Chapter 36 holds 833 sentences of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, unabridged, divided into 167 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 833 sentences, grouped into 167 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Work through the 167 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 167 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Common questions about reading The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 by Joseph Addison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3?

Yes. All 33306 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12030 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12030, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6662 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section

How to work through The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knight's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.