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The Standard Bearer
The Standard Bearer

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RED GRANT.
It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.
And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.
Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.
There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Standard Bearer

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RED GRANT.
/ðə red ɡrænt/
Line 2
It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.
/ɪt wɑːz waɪl wiː kənˈtɪnjuːd tuː ˈsoʊdʒərn ɪn ˈedənbəroʊ fɔːr ðə prəˈtekʃən ʌv ðə kənˈvenʃən ðæt fɜːrst aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː tɜːrn maɪ maɪnd tuː ðə ˈsteɪtɪd ˈmɪnəstri ʌv ðə kɜːrk fɔːr aɪ sɔː wel ðæt ðɪs ˈsoʊldʒərɪŋ wɜːrk mʌst er lɔːŋ kʌm tuː æn end/
Line 3
And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.
Line 4
Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.
Line 5
There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Convention noun US /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading “It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.”

hewing verb US /ˈhjuːɪŋ/

-ing form of “hew” — make or shape as with an axe

From this reading “And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.”

Kirk noun US /kɜːrk/

a Scottish church

From this reading “It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.”

ministry noun US /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading “It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.”

ordaining verb US /ɔːrˈdeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “ordain” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading “There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.”

sojourn noun US /ˈsoʊdʒərn/

a temporary stay (e.g., as a guest)

From this reading “It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.”

soldiering noun US /ˈsoʊldʒərɪŋ/

skills that are required for the life of soldier

From this reading “It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.”

stall noun US /stɔːl/

a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed

From this reading “And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

went out verb + adjective counted as “go out”

move out of or depart from

In this reading “And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.”

General Meetings adjective + noun counted as “general meeting”

In this reading “Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

Cameronian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ConventionnounUS /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

DesirableadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəbəl/

worth having or seeking or achieving

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

farewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

foddering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

GRANTverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading THE RED GRANT.

Grassmarket

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

hewingverbUS /ˈhjuːɪŋ/

-ing form of “hew” — make or shape as with an axe

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

hill-folk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

KirknounUS /kɜːrk/

a Scottish church

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

MeetingsnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋz/

plural of “meeting” — a formally arranged gathering

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

moorverbUS /mʊr/

secure in or as if in a berth or dock

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ordainingverbUS /ɔːrˈdeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “ordain” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

peats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

REDnounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading THE RED GRANT.

Renwick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

sojournnounUS /ˈsoʊdʒərn/

a temporary stay (e.g., as a guest)

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

soldieringnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərɪŋ/

skills that are required for the life of soldier

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

stallnounUS /stɔːl/

a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Yet for long I could not see how the matter was to be accomplished, for the Cameronian hill-folk had never had a minister since James Renwick bade his farewell to sun and moon and Desirable General Meetings down in the Edinburgh Grassmarket.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RED GRANT.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no authority in Scotland capable of ordaining a Cameronian minister.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was while we continued to sojourn in Edinburgh for the protection of the Convention that first I began to turn my mind to the stated ministry of the Kirk, for I saw well that this soldiering work must ere long come to an end.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet all my heart went out towards something better than the hewing of peats upon the moor and the foddering of oxen in stall.

Chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett holds 91 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer contain?

Chapter 11 holds 91 sentences of The Standard Bearer, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 91 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Standard Bearer?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Standard Bearer

Common questions about reading The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Standard Bearer?

Yes. All 3878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53164 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Standard Bearer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53164, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Standard Bearer take to read?

About 323 minutes of reading across 776 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Standard Bearer section by section

How to work through The Standard Bearer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Standard Bearer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Standard Bearer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Standard Bearer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crockett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.