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The Standard Bearer
The Standard Bearer

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE EYES OF A MAID.
Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.
Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.
As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down Well done!” from among the sheep.
Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Standard Bearer

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EYES OF A MAID.
/ðə aɪz ʌv ə meɪd/
Line 2
Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.
Line 3
Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.
Line 4
As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry downWell done!” from among the sheep.
Line 5
Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buzz verb US /bʌz/

make a buzzing sound

From this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

cradles noun US /ˈkreɪdəlz/

plural of “cradle” — a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading “Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.”

fray verb US /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading “Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.”

Galloway noun US /ˈɡæloʊweɪ/

a district in southwestern Scotland

From this reading “Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.”

liberties noun US /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

parishes noun US /ˈpærɪʃɪz/

plural of “parish” — a local church community

From this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

strengthen verb US /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.”

thickest adjective US /ˈθɪkɪst/

superlative of “thick” — not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.”

over the hill preposition + article + noun counted as “over … hill”

In this reading “As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.”

fought for verb + particle counted as “fight for”

In this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

buzz of verb + particle

In this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

Well done adverb + adjective

In this reading “As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.”

went over verb + particle counted as “go over”

hold a review (of troops)

In this reading “As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.”

share of verb + particle

In this reading “Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.”

lain in verb + particle counted as “lie in”

originate (in)

In this reading “Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE EYES OF A MAID.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

angernounUS /ˈæŋɡər/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

aye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

Balmaghie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

bidverbUS /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

bruitverb

tell or spread rumors

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

buirdlyadjective

muscular and heavily built

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

buzzverbUS /bʌz/

make a buzzing sound

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

Carsphairn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

cradlesnounUS /ˈkreɪdəlz/

plural of “cradle” — a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

EYESnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading THE EYES OF A MAID.

farm-town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

frayverbUS /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

GallowaynounUS /ˈɡæloʊweɪ/

a district in southwestern Scotland

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

Glenkens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

hidingnounUS /ˈhaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of keeping something secret

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

home-coming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

KirknounUS /kɜːrk/

a Scottish church

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

lainverbUS /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

libertiesnounUS /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

MAIDnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading THE EYES OF A MAID.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

moss-hags

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

murmurnounUS /ˈmɜːrmər/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EYES OF A MAID.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

parishesnounUS /ˈpærɪʃɪz/

plural of “parish” — a local church community

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

SpeciallyadverbUS /ˈspeʃəli/

in a special manner

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

strengthenverbUS /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

testimonynounUS /ˈtestəmoʊni/

a solemn statement made under oath

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EYES OF A MAID.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

thickestadjectiveUS /ˈθɪkɪst/

superlative of “thick” — not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Now throughout all the parish, aye, and throughout all Galloway there arose infinite noise and bruit of this thing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Specially was there the buzz of anger in the hill parishes, where the men who had lain in the moss-hags and fought for the ancient liberties dwelt thickest--in Carsphairn, in the Glenkens, and in mine own Balmaghie.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading As I went over the hill from farm-town to farm-town the herds would cry down “Well done!” from among the sheep.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Old men who had seen the high days of the Kirk before the fatal home-coming of King Charles; rough, buirdly men who had done their share of hiding and fighting in the troubles; young men who, like myself, had heard in their cradles but the murmur of the fray, came to shake my hand and bid me strengthen my knees and stick to my testimony.

Chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett holds 100 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer contain?

Chapter 21 holds 100 sentences of The Standard Bearer, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 100 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Standard Bearer?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Standard Bearer

Common questions about reading The Standard Bearer by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Standard Bearer?

Yes. All 3878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53164 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Standard Bearer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53164, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Standard Bearer take to read?

About 323 minutes of reading across 776 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Standard Bearer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Standard Bearer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Standard Bearer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crockett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Standard Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.