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The Star of Gettysburg
The Star of Gettysburg

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.
The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.
Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.
Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.
There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Star of Gettysburg

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.
/ˈfredrɪksbərɡ bɪˈfɔːr naɪt ðə ˈjuːnjən ˈɑːrmi hæd θriː ˈbrɪdʒəz əˈkrɔːs ðə ˌræpəˈhænək ənd bɪˈfɔːr ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ɪt hæd sɪks/
Line 2
The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.
/ðə ˈredʒəmənt ðæt hæd krɔːst held ðə raɪt bæŋk ʌv ðə ˈrɪvər ðæt ɪz ðə saɪd ʌv ðə saʊθ ənd ðə boʊts muːvd ˈfriːli bæk ənd fɔːrθ ɪn ðə striːm/
Line 3
Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.
/jet ðə meɪn ˈɑːrmi ˌɪtˈself dɪd nɑːt jet bɪˈɡɪn ðə ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/
Line 4
Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.
Line 5
There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.
/ðer wɜːr noʊ saʊndz tuː ˈɪndəkeɪt ðæt ɡreɪt striːmz ʌv ɑːrmd men wɪð ðer ˈkænən wɜːr ˈpɔːrɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbrɪdʒəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blankets noun US /ˈblæŋkəts/

plural of “blanket” — bedding that keeps a person warm in bed

From this reading “Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.”

bridges noun US /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading “FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.”

cannon noun US /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading “There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.”

fredericksburg noun US /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading “FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.”

indicate verb US /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading “There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.”

pouring adjective US /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading “There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.”

Rappahannock noun US /ˌræpəˈhænək/

a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region

From this reading “FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.”

ridge noun US /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading “Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

blanketsnounUS /ˈblæŋkəts/

plural of “blanket” — bedding that keeps a person warm in bed

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

bridgesnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

FREDERICKSBURGnounUS /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

leenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

pouringadjectiveUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

RappahannocknounUS /ˌræpəˈhænək/

a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

ridgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

sleptverbUS /slept/

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The regiment that had crossed held the right bank of the river, that is, the side of the South, and the boats moved freely back and forth in the stream.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading FREDERICKSBURG Before night the Union army had three bridges across the Rappahannock, and before morning it had six.

wakened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were no sounds to indicate that great streams of armed men with their cannon were pouring over the bridges.

wrappedadjectiveUS /ræpt/

covered with or as if with clothes or a wrap or cloak

From this reading Harry slept a few hours before and after midnight, lying in the lee of a little ridge and wrapped in a pair of heavy blankets, but as he wakened from time to time he heard little from the river.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet the main army itself did not yet begin the crossing.

Chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg contain?

Chapter 4 holds 406 sentences of The Star of Gettysburg, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Star of Gettysburg?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Star of Gettysburg

Common questions about reading The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Star of Gettysburg?

Yes. All 5423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3811 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Star of Gettysburg is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3811, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Star of Gettysburg take to read?

About 451 minutes of reading across 1085 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Star of Gettysburg section by section

How to work through The Star of Gettysburg section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Star of Gettysburg

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Star of Gettysburg, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Detailed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.