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The Star of Gettysburg
The Star of Gettysburg

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg is here in full — 342 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
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THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.
They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.
The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.
The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.
Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Star of Gettysburg

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg is here in full — 342 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.
/ðə ˈziːnəθ ʌv ðə saʊθ ðə sʌn ʌv ðə fɜːrst deɪ ʌv ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ wɪtʃ wɑːz tuː ˈwɪtnəs ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðə moʊst trəˈmendəs ɪˈvent ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv əˈmerəkə dɔːnd hɑːt ənd ˈklaʊdɪd wɪð ˈveɪpərz/
Line 2
They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.
/ðeɪ hʌŋ ɪn ðə ˈvæliz ˈoʊvər ðə stiːp ˈstoʊni hɪlz ənd əˈlɔːŋ ðə lɔːŋ bluː sloʊps ʌv saʊθ ˈmaʊntən/
Line 3
The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.
/ðə mɪsts meɪd ðə ˈkʌntri lʊk mɔːr fænˈtæstɪk tuː ˈheri huː wɑːz ˈɜːrli ɪn ðə ˈsædəl/
Line 4
The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.
Line 5
Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.
/ˈoʊvər saʊθ ˈmaʊntən ɑːn ðə west ˈhevi blæk klaʊdz ˈfloʊtəd ənd ðə er wɑːz kloʊs ənd əˈpresɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

castles noun US /ˈkæsəlz/

plural of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading “The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.”

mists noun US /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading “The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.”

oppressive adjective US /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading “Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.”

projections noun US /prəˈdʒekʃənz/

plural of “projection” — a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations

From this reading “The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.”

pyramids noun US /ˈpɪrəmɪdz/

plural of “pyramid” — a polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides with a common vertex

From this reading “The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.”

vapors noun US /ˈveɪpərz/

a state of depression

From this reading “THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.”

zenith noun US /ˈziːnəθ/

the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading “THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

castlesnounUS /ˈkæsəlz/

plural of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

cloudedadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdɪd/

made troubled or apprehensive or distressed in appearance

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

fantasticadjectiveUS /fænˈtæstɪk/

ludicrously odd

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

floatedverbUS /ˈfloʊtəd/

past form of “float” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

mistsnounUS /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

oppressiveadjectiveUS /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

projectionsnounUS /prəˈdʒekʃənz/

plural of “projection” — a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

pyramidsnounUS /ˈpɪrəmɪdz/

plural of “pyramid” — a polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides with a common vertex

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

shapesnounUS /ʃeɪps/

plural of “shape” — any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

SOUTHnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

stonyadjectiveUS /ˈstoʊni/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

uplifts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great uplifts and projections of stone assumed the shapes of castles and pyramids and churches.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading They hung in the valleys, over the steep stony hills and along the long blue slopes of South Mountain.

vaporsnounUS /ˈveɪpərz/

a state of depression

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Over South Mountain, on the west, heavy black clouds floated, and the air was close and oppressive.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The mists made the country look more fantastic to Harry, who was early in the saddle.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

ZENITHnounUS /ˈziːnəθ/

the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH The sun of the first day of July, which was to witness the beginning of the most tremendous event in the history of America, dawned hot and clouded with vapors.

Chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 342 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg contain?

Chapter 11 holds 342 sentences of The Star of Gettysburg, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 342 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Star of Gettysburg?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Star of Gettysburg

Common questions about reading The Star of Gettysburg by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Star of Gettysburg?

Yes. All 5423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3811 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Star of Gettysburg is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3811, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Star of Gettysburg take to read?

About 451 minutes of reading across 1085 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Star of Gettysburg section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Star of Gettysburg

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Star of Gettysburg, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Detailed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Star of Gettysburg; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.