Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Starling: A Scottish Story
The Starling: A Scottish Story

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Starling: A Scottish Story
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.
As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.
He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.
He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.
He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Starling: A Scottish Story

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.
Line 2
As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.
Line 3
He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.
Line 4
He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.
/hiː wɑːz ˈeɪbəl ˌhaʊˈevər ɪn ˈdʒiːnjəl ˈweðər tuː ˈɑːkjəpaɪ ðə bentʃ æt hɪz ˈkɑːtədʒ dɔːr ðer tuː ˈfɔːndəl ðə jʌŋ dɑːɡz ənd tuː ˈkʌltəveɪt ðə əˈkweɪntəns ʌv ðə oʊld wʌnz/
Line 5
He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".
/hiː hæd lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ ˈɡɪvən ʌp ɔːl ˈæktɪv wɜːrk ənd wɑːz ə ˈpenʃənər ɑːn hɪz ˈlɔːrdʃɪp bʌt hiː stɪl təˈneɪʃəsli klʌŋ tuː ðə ˈtaɪtəl ʌv ˈsiːnjər ˈkiːpər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambiguous adjective US /æmˈbɪɡjuːəs/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading “As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.”

crutches noun US /ˈkrʌtʃɪz/

plural of “crutch” — a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking

From this reading “He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.”

decade noun US /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading “As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.”

fondle verb US /ˈfɔːndəl/

touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

From this reading “He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.”

hall's noun US /hɔːlz/

possessive form of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

Mercer noun US /ˈmɜːrsər/

a dealer in textiles (especially silks)

From this reading “JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.”

pensioner noun US /ˈpenʃənər/

the beneficiary of a pension fund

From this reading “He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".”

tenaciously adverb US /təˈneɪʃəsli/

with obstinate determination

From this reading “He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cultivate the acquaintance verb + article + noun counted as “cultivate … acquaintance”

In this reading “He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.”

ninety years adjective + noun

In this reading “JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.”

old age adjective + noun

a late time of life

In this reading “JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.”

across the floor preposition + article + noun counted as “across … floor”

In this reading “He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.”

early history adjective + noun

In this reading “JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.”

considerable time adjective + noun

In this reading “As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.”

cottage door noun + noun

In this reading “He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.”

nearly ended adverb + adjective

In this reading “As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

aboon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

AdamnounUS /ˈædəm/

(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

ambiguousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪɡjuːəs/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

ayont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

benchnounUS /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

clungverbUS /klʌŋ/

inflected form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

compelverbUS /kəmˈpel/

force somebody to do something

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

concludedadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

crutchesnounUS /ˈkrʌtʃɪz/

plural of “crutch” — a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

cultivateverbUS /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

eightyadjectiveUS /ˈeɪti/

being ten more than seventy

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

facultiesnounUS /ˈfækəltiz/

plural of “faculty” — one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

fondleverbUS /ˈfɔːndəl/

touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

fourscorenoun

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and eight

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

halenounUS /heɪl/

a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

HALL'SnounUS /hɔːlz/

possessive form of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

hirpled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

JOCKnounUS /dʒɑːk/

a person trained to compete in sports

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

jointsnounUS /dʒɔɪnts/

plural of “joint” — (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

JOURNEYverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

KeepernounUS /ˈkiːpər/

someone in charge of other people

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

LordshipnounUS /ˈlɔːrdʃɪp/

a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

MercernounUS /ˈmɜːrsər/

a dealer in textiles (especially silks)

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

ninetyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnti/

being ten more than eighty

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

ninthnounUS /naɪnθ/

position nine in a countable series of things

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

occupyverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

pensionernounUS /ˈpenʃənər/

the beneficiary of a pension fund

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

rheumatics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

SenioradjectiveUS /ˈsiːnjər/

older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

soldered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

Spence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

tenaciouslyadverbUS /təˈneɪʃəsli/

with obstinate determination

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As he himself for a considerable time had stuck to the ambiguous epoch of "aboon fourscore", it was concluded by his friends that his ninth decade had nearly ended.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was hale and hearty, however,--"in possession of all his faculties", as we say--with no complaint but "the rheumatics", which had soldered his joints so as to keep him generally a prisoner in the large chair "ayont the fire", or compel him to use crutches, when he "hirpled" across the floor.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading He had long ago given up all active work, and was a pensioner on his Lordship; but he still tenaciously clung to the title of "Senior Keeper".

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading JOCK HALL’S JOURNEY John Spence, who, as we have seen, was connected with the early history of Adam Mercer, had now reached an extreme old age, somewhere between eighty and ninety years.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading He was able, however, in genial weather, to occupy the bench at his cottage door, there to fondle the young dogs, and to cultivate the acquaintance of the old ones.

Chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story by Norman Macleod holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story contain?

Chapter 16 holds 114 sentences of The Starling: A Scottish Story, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story by Norman Macleod exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Starling: A Scottish Story?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Starling: A Scottish Story

Common questions about reading The Starling: A Scottish Story by Norman Macleod on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Starling: A Scottish Story?

Yes. All 3001 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41989 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Starling: A Scottish Story is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41989, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Starling: A Scottish Story take to read?

About 250 minutes of reading across 601 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Starling: A Scottish Story section by section

How to work through The Starling: A Scottish Story section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Starling: A Scottish Story to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Starling: A Scottish Story

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Starling: A Scottish Story, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Starling: A Scottish Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reminiscences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Starling: A Scottish Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Highland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Starling: A Scottish Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Starling: A Scottish Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.