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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 601 sentences across 121 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/120 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
+---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.
| +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga
By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.
_With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE ONE-VOLUME EDITION.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 601 sentences across 121 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/120 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
+---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.
Line 2
| +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga
Line 3
By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.
Line 4
_With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._
Line 5
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE ONE-VOLUME EDITION.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abridged adjective US /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading “_With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._”

combines noun US /kəmˈbaɪnz/

plural of “combine” — harvester that heads and threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field

From this reading “_With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._”

Icelandic noun US /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading “+---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.”

inconsistencies noun US /ˌɪŋˈkɑːnsɪstensiz/

plural of “inconsistency” — the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time

From this reading “+---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.”

mead noun US /miːd/

United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading “| +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga”

punctuation noun US /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading “+---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.”

Saga noun US /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “| +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga”

Viking's noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

possessive form of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “_With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

AbridgedadjectiveUS /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

BurntadjectiveUS /bɜːrnt/

ruined by overcooking

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

ConounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

combinesnounUS /kəmˈbaɪnz/

plural of “combine” — harvester that heads and threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

Dasent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Drummond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Dutton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

EditionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

GrantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Gunnar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

hoardverbUS /hɔːrd/

save up as for future use

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

IcelandicnounUS /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

inconsistenciesnounUS /ˌɪŋˈkɑːnsɪstensiz/

plural of “inconsistency” — the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Kari's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

LitheadjectiveUS /laɪð/

gracefully thin and bending and moving with ease

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

meadnounUS /miːd/

United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

mownadjective

(used of grass or vegetation) cut down with a hand implement or machine

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Njal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Njals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

NotenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

ONE-VOLUME

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PREFATORY NOTE TO THE ONE-VOLUME EDITION.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

Orkney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Prefatoryadjective

serving as an introduction or preface

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

punctuationnounUS /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

RichardsnounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

ringsnounUS /rɪŋz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

SaganounUS /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

Skarphedinn's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Transcriber's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

Viking'snounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

possessive form of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Webbe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading +---------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's Note: This is a translation from Icelandic | |and there are inconsistencies in punctuation which | |have been left as they were in the original.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading | +---------------------------------------------------------+ "_Fair is Lithe: so fair that it has never seemed to me so fair; the corn fields are white to harvest, and the home mead is mown: and now I will ride back home, and not fare abroad at all._" From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading _With a Prefatory Note, and the Introduction, Abridged, from the Original Edition of 1861_ New York E. P. Dutton & Co. London Grant Richards _The design of the cover made by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., combines the chief weapons mentioned in_ The Story of Burnt Njal: _Gunnar's bill, Skarphedinn's axe, and Kari's sword, bound together by one of the great silver rings found in a Viking's hoard in Orkney._

Chapter 1 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 601 sentences, grouped into 121 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 1 holds 601 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 121 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 601 sentences, grouped into 121 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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