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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The story of Burnt Njal
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.
At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.
Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.
Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".
After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.
Line 2
At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.
Line 3
Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.
Line 4
Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".
Line 5
After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aboard adverb US /əˈbɔːrd/

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

From this reading “Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.”

abode noun US /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading “At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.”

brother's noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading “Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.”

Crag noun US /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.”

heritage noun US /ˈherətədʒ/

practices that are handed down from the past by tradition

From this reading “Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.”

Norway noun US /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading “At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.”

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

aboardadverbUS /əˈbɔːrd/

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

Augmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

Auzur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

Auzur's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

Bloodaxe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

CragnounUS /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

Eric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

Fairhair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

Grayfell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

GUNNHILLDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

Harold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

heritagenounUS /ˈherətədʒ/

practices that are handed down from the past by tradition

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

HintnounUS /hɪnt/

an indirect suggestion

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

HRUT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

KINGSnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

MOTHERnounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading HRUT AND GUNNHILLDA, KINGS MOTHER.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

NorwaynounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

Soti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

thitheradverbUS /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Then Gunnhillda said, "I see plainly that he means to claim his heritage, but there is a man named Soti, who has laid his hands on it".

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

Toti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

waiting-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Now the news was spread, how a ship had come thither east into the Bay, and as soon as Gunnhillda heard of it, she asked what men from Iceland were aboard, and they told her Hrut was the man's name, Auzur's brother's son.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At that time Harold Grayfell reigned in Norway; he was the son of Eric Bloodaxe, who was the son of Harold Fairhair; his mother's name was Gunnhillda, a daughter of Auzur Toti, and they had their abode east, at the King's Crag.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After that she called her waiting-man, whose name was Augmund, and said-- "I am going to send thee to the Bay to find out Auzur and Hint, and tell them that I ask them both to spend this winter with me.

Chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 4 holds 51 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The story of Burnt Njal?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The story of Burnt Njal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The story of Burnt Njal take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.