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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.
Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".
She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.
Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.
It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.
Line 2
Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".
Line 3
She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.
Line 4
Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.
Line 5
It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

atonement noun US /əˈtoʊnmənt/

compensation for a wrong

From this reading “Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.”

bettered verb US /ˈbetərd/

past form of “better” — surpass in excellence

From this reading “It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.”

fairest adjective US /ˈferɪst/

superlative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading “Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".”

islander noun US /ˈaɪləndər/

an inhabitant of an island

From this reading “Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.”

lavish adjective US /ˈlævɪʃ/

very generous

From this reading “She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.”

rearing noun US /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading “It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.”

skilled adjective US /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading “Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.”

stature noun US /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading “Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

atonementnounUS /əˈtoʊnmənt/

compensation for a wrong

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

betteredverbUS /ˈbetərd/

past form of “better” — surpass in excellence

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

fair-hairedadjective

favorite

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

fairestadjectiveUS /ˈferɪst/

superlative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

foster-father's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

GETSnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

HALLGERDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.

Hallgerda's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

hard-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

Hauskuld's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

hideverbUS /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

islandernounUS /ˈaɪləndər/

an inhabitant of an island

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

lavishadjectiveUS /ˈlævɪʃ/

very generous

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

Longcoat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

rearingnounUS /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

skilledadjectiveUS /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading It was said, too, that his rearing had not bettered Hallgerda's temper.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She was fair-haired, and had so much of it that she could hide herself in it; but she was lavish and hard-hearted.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

Thiostolf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

THORWALD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Her foster-father's name was Thiostolf; he was a South islander[6] by stock; he was a strong man, well skilled in arms, and had slain many men, and made no atonement in money for one of them.

WIFEnounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading THORWALD GETS HALLGERDA TO WIFE.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Now, it must be told how Hallgerda, Hauskuld's daughter, grows up, and is the fairest of women to look on; she was tall of stature, too, and therefore she was called "Longcoat".

Chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 21 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 10 holds 21 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 21 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The story of Burnt Njal?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The story of Burnt Njal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The story of Burnt Njal take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The story of Burnt Njal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.