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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter CIX · Chapter 109

Chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The story of Burnt Njal
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.
A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.
Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.
He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.
That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter CIX · Chapter 109

Chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.
Line 2
A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.
Line 3
Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.
Line 4
He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈstæljən ənd hæd ˈnevər jet bɪn mætʃt ɪn faɪt/
Line 5
That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bid verb US /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading “A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.”

feasts noun US /fiːsts/

plural of “feast” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading “A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.”

mares noun US /merz/

plural of “mare” — female equine animal

From this reading “That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.”

matched adjective US /mætʃt/

provided with a worthy adversary or competitor

From this reading “He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.”

slander noun US /ˈslændər/

words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another

From this reading “OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.”

stallion noun US /ˈstæljən/

uncastrated adult male horse

From this reading “He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.”

winters noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.”

yearly noun US /ˈjɪrli/

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading “A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

bidverbUS /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

feastsnounUS /fiːsts/

plural of “feast” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

Hauskuld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

maresnounUS /merz/

plural of “mare” — female equine animal

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

matchedadjectiveUS /mætʃt/

provided with a worthy adversary or competitor

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

MORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

Njal's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

sightlyadjective

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

Skarphedinn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

SLANDERnounUS /ˈslændər/

words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

SONnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

stallionnounUS /ˈstæljən/

uncastrated adult male horse

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

VALGARD'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE SLANDER OF MORD VALGARD'S SON.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

wintersnounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Skarphedinn had a brown horse four winters old, both tall and sightly.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading That horse Skarphedinn gave to Hauskuld, and along with him two mares.

yearlynounUS /ˈjɪrli/

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading A little after Njal's sons and Hauskuld were to have their yearly feasts, and they were the first to bid Hauskuld to come to them.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He was a stallion, and had never yet been matched in fight.

Chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 109 holds 42 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 109 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 109 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 109 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The story of Burnt Njal?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The story of Burnt Njal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The story of Burnt Njal take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The story of Burnt Njal section by section

How to work through The story of Burnt Njal section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.