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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.
Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.
So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.
Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.
Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.
Line 2
Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.
Line 3
So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.
Line 4
Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.
Line 5
Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

custom noun US /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading “Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.”

feast noun US /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading “Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.”

hearty adjective US /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading “Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.”

sake noun US /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading “Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.”

shalt modal verb US /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."”

visit verb US /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading “THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.”

welcome verb US /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading “Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.”

winter noun US /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

Bergthora

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

BERGTHORSKNOLL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

cross-bench

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

friendship's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

Gunnar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

Gunnar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

Hallgerda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

Helgi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

Njal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

Njal's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

shaltmodal verbUS /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

Thorhalla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

VISITverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading THE VISIT TO BERGTHORSKNOLL.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading So Gunnar and Hallgerda set off for Bergthorsknoll, and when they got there Helgi and his wife were not at home.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Now it was the custom between Gunnar and Njal, that each made the other a feast, winter and winter about, for friendship's sake; and it was Gunnar's turn to go to feast at Njal's.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Njal gave Gunnar and his wife a hearty welcome, and when they had been there a little while, Helgi came home with Thorhalla his wife.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Then Bergthora went up to the cross-bench, and Thorhalla with her, and Bergthora said to Hallgerda-- "Thou shalt give place to this woman."

Chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 17 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 36 holds 17 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 17 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Which edition of The story of Burnt Njal is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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