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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXIII · Chapter 63

Chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.
After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.
Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.
Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.
A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXIII · Chapter 63

Chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.
Line 2
After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.
Line 3
Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.
Line 4
Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.
Line 5
A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cutlass noun US /ˈkʌtləs/

a short heavy curved sword with one edge; formerly used by sailors

From this reading “Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.”

egged verb US /eɡd/

past form of “egg” — throw eggs at

From this reading “After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.”

ness noun US /nes/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading “After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.”

shaft noun US /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading “Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.”

shoots noun US /ʃuːts/

plural of “shoot” — a new branch

From this reading “Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.”

Sigurd noun US /ˈsɪɡərd/

(Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart

From this reading “Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.”

slaying noun US /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading “THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.”

yeoman noun US /ˈjoʊmən/

officer in the (ceremonial) bodyguard of the British monarch

From this reading “A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

aloftadverbUS /əˈlɔːft/

at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

arrownounUS /ˈæroʊ/

a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

cutlassnounUS /ˈkʌtləs/

a short heavy curved sword with one edge; formerly used by sailors

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

eggedverbUS /eɡd/

past form of “egg” — throw eggs at

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

FOURTEENnounUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

Gunnar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

HJORT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

MENnounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

napenoun

the back side of the neck

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

nessnounUS /nes/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

shieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

shootsnounUS /ʃuːts/

plural of “shoot” — a new branch

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

SigurdnounUS /ˈsɪɡərd/

(Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

SLAYINGnounUS /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

Starkad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

Starkad's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

Swinehead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

targe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sigurd Swinehead came first and had a red targe, but in his other hand he held a cutlass.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SLAYING OF HJORT AND FOURTEEN MEN.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

Ulfhedinn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading After that Starkad egged on his men, and then they turn down upon them into the ness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Gunnar sees him and shoots an arrow at him from his bow; he held the shield up aloft when he saw the arrow flying high, and the shaft passes through the shield and into his eye, and so came out at the nape of his neck, and that was the first man slain.

yeomannounUS /ˈjoʊmən/

officer in the (ceremonial) bodyguard of the British monarch

From this reading A second arrow Gunnar shot at Ulfhedinn, one of Starkad's men, and that struck him about the middle and he fell at the feet of a yeoman, and the yeoman over him.

Chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 63 holds 42 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 63 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 63 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 63 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.