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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXIV · Chapter 64

Chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The story of Burnt Njal
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.
Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.
"My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."
"I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."
"I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXIV · Chapter 64

Chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.
Line 2
Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.
Line 3
"My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."
Line 4
"I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."
Line 5
"I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bargain noun US /ˈbɑːrɡən/

an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each

From this reading “"I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."”

counsel noun US /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading “NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.”

foreseen verb US /ˌfɔːrˈsiːn/

inflected form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading “"My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."”

foretold verb US /fɔːrˈtoʊld/

inflected form of “foretell” — foreshadow or presage

From this reading “"My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."”

goods noun US /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading “Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.”

kinsman noun US /ˈkɪnzmæn/

a male relative

From this reading “Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.”

stayed verb US /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading “"My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

bargainnounUS /ˈbɑːrɡən/

an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

besought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

COUNSELnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

Easterling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

foreknew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

foreseenverbUS /ˌfɔːrˈsiːn/

inflected form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

foretoldverbUS /fɔːrˈtoʊld/

inflected form of “foretell” — foreshadow or presage

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

Gudruna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

GUNNAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.

Gunnar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

kinsmannounUS /ˈkɪnzmæn/

a male relative

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

messmatenoun

(nautical) an associate with whom you share meals in the same mess (as on a ship)

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

NJAL'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

pricenounUS /praɪs/

the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

Sandgil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

Steinvor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

Thorgrim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steinvor, at Sandgil, besought Thorgrim the Easterling to take in hand the care of her goods, and not to sail away from Iceland, and so to keep in mind the death of his messmate and kinsman.

Thorir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading NJAL'S COUNSEL TO GUNNAR.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "My messmate Thorir," said he, "foretold that I should fall by Gunnar's hand if I stayed here in the land, and he must have foreseen that when he foreknew his own death."

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I will give thee," she says, "Gudruna my daughter to wife, and all my goods into the bargain."

wouldest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I knew not," he said, "that thou wouldest pay such a long price."

Chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 21 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 64 holds 21 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 21 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 64 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 64 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 64 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal

Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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