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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXVII · Chapter 77

Chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GUNNAR'S SLAYING.
Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."
Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.
Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.
Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXVII · Chapter 77

Chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GUNNAR'S SLAYING.
Line 2
Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."
Line 3
Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.
Line 4
Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.
Line 5
Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beams noun US /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading “Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.”

deaths noun US /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading “Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."”

loft noun US /lɔːft/

floor consisting of a large unpartitioned space over a factory or warehouse or other commercial space

From this reading “Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.”

roofed adjective US /ruːft/

covered with a roof; having a roof as specified (often used in combination)

From this reading “Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.”

shutters noun US /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading “Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.”

slaying noun US /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading “GUNNAR'S SLAYING.”

sorely adverb US /ˈsɔːrli/

to a great degree

From this reading “Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."”

woke verb US /woʊk/

inflected form of “wake” — be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading “Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

deathsnounUS /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

fosterlingnoun

a child who is raised by foster parents

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

Gunnar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

GUNNAR'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GUNNAR'S SLAYING.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

Hallgerda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

loftnounUS /lɔːft/

floor consisting of a large unpartitioned space over a factory or warehouse or other commercial space

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

roofedadjectiveUS /ruːft/

covered with a roof; having a roof as specified (often used in combination)

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

SamnounUS /sæm/

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

shuttersnounUS /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

SLAYINGnounUS /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading GUNNAR'S SLAYING.

sleptverbUS /slept/

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading Gunnar slept in a loft above the hall, and so did Hallgerda and his mother.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

sorelyadverbUS /ˈsɔːrli/

to a great degree

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

warningnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

window-slits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

wokeverbUS /woʊk/

inflected form of “wake” — be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading Gunnar woke up in his hall and said-- "Thou hast been sorely treated, Sam, my fosterling, and this warning is so meant that our two deaths will not be far apart."

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Gunnar's hall was made all of wood, and roofed with beams above, and there were window-slits under the beams that carried the roof, and they were fitted with shutters.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Now when they were come near to the house they knew not whether Gunnar were at home, and bade that some one would go straight up to the house and see if he could find out.

Chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 61 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 77 holds 61 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 61 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 77 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 77 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.