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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXVIII · Chapter 78

Chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.
Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.
They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.
He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.
They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXVIII · Chapter 78

Chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.
Line 2
Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.
Line 3
They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.
Line 4
He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.
/hiː sed ðæt kʊd nɑːt biː dʌn æz ðə mæn hæd bɪn ˈaʊtlɔːd bʌt sed ɪt wʊd biː ˈbetər wɜːrθ ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ tuː waʊnd ðer ˈɡlɔːri baɪ ˈsleɪɪŋ sʌm men ɪn ˈvendʒəns ˈæftər hɪm/
Line 5
They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brook noun US /brʊk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading “Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.”

cairn noun US /kern/

a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path

From this reading “They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.”

manslaughter noun US /ˈmænslɔːtər/

homicide without malice aforethought

From this reading “They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.”

outlawed adjective US /ˈaʊtlɔːd/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading “He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.”

sings verb US /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading “GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.”

slaying noun US /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading “He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.”

upright adjective US /əˈpraɪt/

in a vertical position; not sloping

From this reading “They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.”

vengeance noun US /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading “He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

brooknounUS /brʊk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

cairnnounUS /kern/

a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

DEADadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

GUNNAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.

Gunnar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

manslaughternounUS /ˈmænslɔːtər/

homicide without malice aforethought

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

Njal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

outlawedadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlɔːd/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

Sigfus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

SINGSverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

slayingnounUS /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

SONGnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading GUNNAR SINGS A SONG DEAD.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Njal could ill brook Gunnar's death, nor could the sons of Sigfus brook it either.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

uprightadjectiveUS /əˈpraɪt/

in a vertical position; not sloping

From this reading They cast a cairn over Gunnar, and made him sit upright in the cairn.

vengeancenounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading They asked whether Njal thought they had any right to give notice of a suit of manslaughter for Gunnar, or to set the suit on foot.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading He said that could not be done, as the man had been outlawed; but said it would be better worth trying to do something to wound their glory, by slaying some men in vengeance after him.

Chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 78 holds 35 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 78 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 78 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 78 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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