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The story of Burnt Njal
The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXXIII · Chapter 83

Chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.
Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.
They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.
At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.
So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Burnt Njal

Chapter LXXXIII · Chapter 83

Chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.
Line 2
Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.
Line 3
They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.
/ðeɪ ɡɑːt soʊ strɔːŋ ə waɪnd frʌm ðə nɔːrθ ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈdrɪvən saʊθ ˈɪntuː ðə meɪn ənd soʊ θɪk ə mɪst keɪm ˈoʊvər ðem ðæt ðeɪ kʊd nɑːt tel ˈwɪðər ðeɪ wɜːr ˈdraɪvɪŋ ənd ðeɪ wɜːr aʊt ə lɔːŋ waɪl/
Line 4
At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.
/æt læst ðeɪ keɪm tuː wer wɑːz ə ɡreɪt ɡraʊnd siː ənd θɔːt ðen ðeɪ mʌst biː nɪr lænd/
Line 5
So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bard noun US /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading “Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.”

driving adjective US /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading “They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.”

Grim adjective US /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading “Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.”

mist verb US /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading “They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.”

nearest adverb US /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading “So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.”

sail verb US /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading “NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.”

whither adverb US /ˈwɪðər/

an old word meaning “to where”

From this reading “They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

ABROADadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

BardnounUS /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

Elda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

GrimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

Helgi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

Kettle's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

NJAL'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

Olaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

SAILverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

SONSnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading NJAL'S SONS SAIL ABROAD.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

Thrain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading So then Njal's sons asked Bard if he could tell at all to what land they were likely to be nearest.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At last they came to where was a great ground sea, and thought then they must be near land.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

whitheradverbUS /ˈwɪðər/

an old word meaning “to where”

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading They got so strong a wind from the north that they were driven south into the main; and so thick a mist came over them that they could not tell whither they were driving, and they were out a long while.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Now it must be told how Njal's sons, Grim and Helgi, left Iceland the same summer that Thrain and his fellows went away; and in the ship with them were Olaf Kettle's son of Elda, and Bard the black.

Chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal contain?

Chapter 83 holds 22 sentences of The story of Burnt Njal, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal by George Webbe, Sir [Translator] Dasent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 83 of The story of Burnt Njal?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 83 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The story of Burnt Njal

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Burnt Njal, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The story of Burnt Njal, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.