Chapter XXXI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

the state of being absent

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

later than; following

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

any thing at all

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a large and stately mansion

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

the head of a state government

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

the quality of being holy

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

the item at the end

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

for more time

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

(Roman Catholic Church) an ecclesiastical title of honor bestowed on some priests

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

easily agitated

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

immediately following in time or order

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

not any; not one

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

(Roman Catholic Church) a diplomatic representative of the Pope having ambassadorial status

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

on one occasion

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

possessive form of “pope” — the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

plural of “secretary” — a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading His name was Roberto Ridolfi, a banker in London, and secret agent of His Holiness Pius V in that heretic country.

precisely as stated

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This visit, however, was very different from the others, it was paid secretly at night, and once inside the Castle he no longer called himself Giulio Benasai, or a native of Genoa, or a merchant.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He called himself Giulio Benasai, a merchant from Genoa; he stopped at an inn, near the gate of the Viper, now the Puerta Cerrada, and very early the next day began his visits, which were anything but commercial ones.

a late time of life

From this reading Four years before these events, in June, 1571, a little old, nervous and active Italian arrived in Madrid.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He visited Monsignor Ormanetto, the Pope's Nuncio; Dr. Milio, governor, in the Duke's absence, of the Alba estates; the secretaries Zayas and Mateo Vázguez, and lastly, five days after his arrival, on the 28th, he visited the King, Philip II, at the Castle.