Chapter XII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

given official approval to act

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

plural of “forefather” — the founder of a family

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

not fake or counterfeit

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

past form of “honour” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

belonging to the present or recent times

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

of marriages and offspring; recognized as lawful

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

past form of “liken” — consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

suitable for or suggestive of singing

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

based on the meter as a standard of measurement

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

plural of “minstrel” — a singer of folk songs

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

used to form the superlative

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

not any; not one

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

participate in games or sport

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

plural of “producer” — someone who manufactures something

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

a former province of southeastern France; now administered with Cote d'Azur

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

on the contrary

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

in a serious manner

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

apart from others

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

a particular situation

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

and nothing more

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

from a time in the past until now

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading They play, or at best do little more than ring new changes on, antique themes.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

in or at that place or location

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading They may be tillers of the soil or owners of it; propriétaires or ploughboys--it is no matter: they are expected and accepted quite simply and seriously, much as our own village folk-lorists are accepted as the legitimate inheritors of an age-long tradition.

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

be dressed in

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Throughout Provence and Languedoc there are accredited songsters, severally honoured in the districts which gave them birth.

which person or people

From this reading They continue a succession never broken since the days of de Borneil, Daniel, Riquier, and those other glorious primitives who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, exalted the dialect of Romance to a metrical art.

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, though they wear the shoes of their lyrical forefathers, these latter-day minstrels are to be likened for the most part rather to the jongleurs, or hired singing-men, who were used to voice their masters’ productions, than to the producers themselves, the genuine troubadours who originated the songs.