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The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls
The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.
There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.
So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.
But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.
Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.
Line 2
There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.
/ðer wɜːr noʊ ˈhaʊsəz nɪr frʌm wɪtʃ ðeɪ kʊd dɪˈmænd help soʊ ðə ˈseɪlərz wɜːr fɔːrst tuː liːv ðer ʃɪps ənd ˈskaʊər ðə ˈkʌntri raʊnd əˈbaʊt fɔːr fuːd/
Line 3
So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.
/soʊ ˈdrɪri wɑːz ðə spɑːt ðæt ðə əˈθiːniənz lɔːŋd tuː faɪt æt wʌns/
Line 4
But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.
/bʌt ˌlaɪˈsændər wɑːz ɪn ə strɔːŋ pəˈzɪʃən ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər saɪd ʌv ðə streɪt hiː hæd tuː ə ˈplentəfəl səˈplaɪ ʌv fuːd soʊ ðæt hiː dɪd nɑːt miːn tuː let hɪmˈself biː fɔːrst ˈɪntuː ə ˈbætəl/
Line 5
Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.
/əˈɡen ənd əˈɡen ðə əˈθiːniənz seɪld əˈkrɔːs ðə streɪt ˈhoʊpɪŋ tuː tempt ðə ˈspɑːrtənz tuː faɪt bʌt ˌlaɪˈsændər rəˈfjuːzd tuː muːv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Athenians noun US /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading “THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.”

athens noun US /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading “THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.”

Lysander noun US /ˌlaɪˈsændər/

Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)

From this reading “But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.”

Peloponnesian adjective US /ˌpeləpəˈniːʒən/

of or relating to Peloponnesus

From this reading “THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.”

plentiful adjective US /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading “But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.”

scour verb US /ˈskaʊər/

examine minutely

From this reading “There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.”

Spartans noun US /ˈspɑːrtənz/

plural of “spartan” — a resident of Sparta

From this reading “Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.”

strait noun US /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading “But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

scour the country verb + article + noun counted as “scour … country”

In this reading “There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.”

desolate spot adjective + noun

In this reading “THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.”

sailed across verb + particle counted as “sail across”

In this reading “Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.”

country round noun + noun

In this reading “There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.”

for food preposition + noun

In this reading “There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

405

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

AREauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.

AtheniansnounUS /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

ATHENSnounUS /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

awkwardadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkwərd/

causing inconvenience

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

DESTROYEDadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

Hellespontnoun

the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

longedverbUS /lɔːŋd/

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.

LysandernounUS /ˌlaɪˈsændər/

Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading So dreary was the spot that the Athenians longed to fight at once.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

PeloponnesianadjectiveUS /ˌpeləpəˈniːʒən/

of or relating to Peloponnesus

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

sailorsnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

scourverbUS /ˈskaʊər/

examine minutely

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

SpartansnounUS /ˈspɑːrtənz/

plural of “spartan” — a resident of Sparta

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

straitnounUS /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

temptverbUS /tempt/

dispose or incline or entice to

From this reading Again and again the Athenians sailed across the strait, hoping to tempt the Spartans to fight, but Lysander refused to move.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But Lysander was in a strong position on the other side of the strait; he had, too, a plentiful supply of food, so that he did not mean to let himself be forced into a battle.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

WALLSnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were no houses near, from which they could demand help, so the sailors were forced to leave their ships and scour the country round about for food.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

Ægospotami

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF ATHENS ARE DESTROYED The last battle of the Peloponnesian War was fought in the Hellespont in 405 B.C. The Athenians had drawn up their ships near a desolate spot named Ægospotami, and they soon found that it was an awkward place from which to get provisions for the army.

Chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls by Mary Macgregor holds 172 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls contain?

Chapter 31 holds 172 sentences of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls by Mary Macgregor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 172 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls

Common questions about reading The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls by Mary Macgregor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls?

Yes. All 4945 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 989 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls section by section

How to work through The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Greece: Told to Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.