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The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Raven the Skald
The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Raven the Skald

Chapter XIV · Of the Holmgang at the Althing

Cover illustration for The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Raven the Skald
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.
Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.
One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”
He said he was.
Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Raven the Skald

Chapter XIV · Of the Holmgang at the Althing

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.
Line 2
Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.
Line 3
One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”
Line 4
He said he was.
Line 5
Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

Hast auxiliary verb US /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

Silence noun US /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

Thing noun US /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

Thou pronoun US /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading “Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?””

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Althing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

avowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

Blacky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

bride

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

craved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Egilson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

foe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

got

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

Gunnlaug

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Hafr-Biorn's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He said he was.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.

herenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Hermund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Illugi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

knowest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

Kolsvein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

law

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Laws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

matters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Mossfell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

Now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Onund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Raven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

ride

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Skapti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.

son

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

sons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

spake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

spokesmanship-at-law

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.

summer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

Sverting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

ThingnounUS /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

Thorstein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

thronging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

thyself

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He said he was.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading One day at the Thing, as men went thronging to the Hill of Laws, and when the matters of the law were done there, then Gunnlaug craved silence, and said:-- “Is Raven, the son of Onund, here?”

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then spake Gunnlaug, “Thou well knowest that thou hast got to wife my avowed bride, and thus hast thou made thyself my foe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Now in summer men ride a very many to the Althing: Illugi the Blacky and his sons with him, Gunnlaug and Hermund; Thorstein Egilson and Kolsvein his son; Onund, of Mossfell, and his sons all, and Sverting, Hafr-Biorn’s son.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Skapti yet held the spokesmanship-at-law.