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The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow
The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.
They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.
Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.
Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.
Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.
Line 2
They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.
Line 3
Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.
Line 4
Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.
/bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈɡɑːrdən wɜːr ðə ˈʌðər krɑːps jet ðə heɪ hæd nɑːt bɪn kʌt nɔːr ðə ɡreɪn riːpt ənd ðer wɑːz ˈnʌθɪŋ stɔːrd əˈɡenst ðə ˈwɪntər/
Line 5
Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crops noun US /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.”

ewe noun US /juː/

a member of a people living in southern Benin and Togo and southeastern Ghana

From this reading “Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.”

jewelry noun US /ˈdʒuːəlri/

an adornment (as a bracelet or ring or necklace) made of precious metals and set with gems (or imitation gems)

From this reading “OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.”

purses noun US /ˈpɜːrsɪz/

plural of “purse” — a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women)

From this reading “OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.”

rack verb US /ræk/

go at a rack

From this reading “They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.”

reaped verb US /riːpt/

past form of “reap” — gather, as of natural products

From this reading “Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.”

Rolf noun US /roʊlf/

Norse chieftain who became the first duke of Normandy (860-931)

From this reading “Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"”

stored verb US /stɔːrd/

past form of “store” — keep or lay aside for future use

From this reading “Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

dried meat adjective + noun

In this reading “They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.”

went away verb + particle counted as “go away”

move away from a place into another direction

In this reading “OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.”

two children noun + noun counted as “two child”

In this reading “OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.”

looks about verb + particle counted as “look about”

In this reading “Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.”

TWO WORDS noun + noun

In this reading “OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

awaitedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

cloaknounUS /kloʊk/

anything that covers or conceals

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

driedadjectiveUS /draɪd/

not still wet

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

Einar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

ewenounUS /juː/

a member of a people living in southern Benin and Togo and southeastern Ghana

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

Grani

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

haynounUS /heɪ/

grass mowed and cured for use as fodder

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

jewelrynounUS /ˈdʒuːəlri/

an adornment (as a bracelet or ring or necklace) made of precious metals and set with gems (or imitation gems)

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

pursesnounUS /ˈpɜːrsɪz/

plural of “purse” — a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women)

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

rackverbUS /ræk/

go at a rack

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

reapedverbUS /riːpt/

past form of “reap” — gather, as of natural products

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

RolfnounUS /roʊlf/

Norse chieftain who became the first duke of Normandy (860-931)

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

SaidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

SAYINGnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

storedverbUS /stɔːrd/

past form of “store” — keep or lay aside for future use

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

THOSEdeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

TWOnounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Grani looks about the farm, and sees how it has a good spring, and a small garden well tended, and a pen for the ewe.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They came to the hut, to make a home where there was no room for a fourth to sleep, and where there was but a rack of dried meat, and a gray cloak hanging by the door, and little else for comfort.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Said Grani: "Rolf awaited this turn of fortune, and why should he lay up food for us?"

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

WORDSnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading OF THE SAYING OF THOSE TWO WORDS Now the tale turns to speak of Einar and his two children: how they went away from their home with but the clothes on their backs, and with purses nigh empty, and but little jewelry.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Beyond the garden were the other crops; yet the hay had not been cut, nor the grain reaped, and there was nothing stored against the winter.

Chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow by Allen French holds 239 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow contain?

Chapter 31 holds 239 sentences of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow by Allen French exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 239 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow

Common questions about reading The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow by Allen French on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow?

Yes. All 3549 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43381, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 710 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow section by section

How to work through The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Junior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marrok
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
University
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rolf and the Viking's Bow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.