The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Mary Macgregor • Curated US English Learning Edition

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THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry.

Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

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LEARNER DICTIONARY

Archivist

/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/

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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chapter XXIII Reading 1/21

The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told Mary Macgregor

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry. Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans. To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians. The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders. It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1

THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry.

Line 2

Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

Line 3

To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

Line 4

The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

Line 5

It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ally noun US /ˈælaɪ/

a friendly nation

From this reading “THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry.”

cavalry noun US /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

expelled verb US /ɪkˈspeld/

inflected form of “expel” — force to leave or move out

From this reading “Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.”

oppose verb US /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading “The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.”

romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

Scipio noun US /ˈsɪpioʊ/

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

tactics noun US /ˈtæktɪks/

the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy

From this reading “To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry.”

expelled from verb + particle counted as “expel from”

In this reading “Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.”

about two preposition + noun

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE ROMANS SET FIRE TO THE CAMP OF THE NUMIDIANS No sooner did Scipio land in Africa, than he was joined by his ally Masinissa, with about two hundred of his famous Numidian cavalry.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

allynounUS /ˈælaɪ/

a friendly nation

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

CAMPnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

Carthaginians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

expelledverbUS /ɪkˈspeld/

inflected form of “expel” — force to leave or move out

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

FIREverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

Gisco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

Hasdrubalnoun

general who commanded a Carthaginian army in Spain; joined his brother Hannibal in Italy and was killed by the Romans at the battle of Metaurus River (died 207 BC)

From this reading It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

invadersnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

Masinissa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

Numidiannoun

an inhabitant of ancient Numidia

NUMIDIANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading The Carthaginians had gathered a large army to oppose the invaders.

ROMANSnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

ScipionounUS /ˈsɪpioʊ/

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

SETverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading It was led by Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

Syphax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

tacticsnounUS /ˈtæktɪks/

the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading Masinissa had been expelled from his lands by Syphax, and he was glad to throw in his fortune with the Romans.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading To Scipio he was a valuable ally, for he knew the war tactics and habits both of the Numidians and Carthaginians.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

Chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told by Mary Macgregor holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of contain?

Chapter 23 holds 106 sentences of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told by Mary Macgregor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #66147, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Chapter XXIII

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