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The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told
The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.
So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.
Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.
This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.
He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.
Line 2
So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.
Line 3
Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.
Line 4
This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.
Line 5
He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Africa noun US /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading “GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.”

discipline noun US /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading “GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.”

disciplined adjective US /ˈdɪsəplənd/

obeying the rules

From this reading “This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.”

distrusted verb US /dɪˈstrʌstəd/

past form of “distrust” — regard as untrustworthy; regard with suspicion; have no faith or confidence in

From this reading “This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.”

drilled adjective US /drɪld/

trained in a skill by repetitious practice

From this reading “So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.”

lax adjective US /læks/

lacking in rigor or strictness

From this reading “GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.”

scorned adjective US /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading “Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.”

submit verb US /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading “He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.”

fight for verb + particle

In this reading “So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.”

fight with verb + particle

In this reading “GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

BECOMESverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

COMMANDERnounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

disciplinedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪsəplənd/

obeying the rules

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

distrustedverbUS /dɪˈstrʌstəd/

past form of “distrust” — regard as untrustworthy; regard with suspicion; have no faith or confidence in

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

drilledadjectiveUS /drɪld/

trained in a skill by repetitious practice

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

GAIUSnoun

Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

Jugurtha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

laxadjectiveUS /læks/

lacking in rigor or strictness

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

MARIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

Metellus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

persistencynoun

persistent determination

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

scornedadjectiveUS /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

strictnessnoun

conscientious attention to rules and details

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

touchverbUS /tʌtʃ/

make physical contact with, come in contact with

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading This same Roman, too, had so disciplined his troops that Jugurtha now distrusted his power to meet them.

unfitted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Meanwhile Jugurtha found that here at length was a Roman who scorned to touch his gold.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading GAIUS MARIUS BECOMES COMMANDER OF THE ARMY When Metellus reached Africa, he found that the discipline of the army was so lax that it was unfitted to fight with any hope of success.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading So he drilled and trained his men with great strictness and persistency, until he believed that they were again worthy to fight for their country.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He therefore offered to submit, if Metellus would promise to spare his life and the lives of his children.

Chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told by Mary Macgregor holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of contain?

Chapter 28 holds 131 sentences of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told by Mary Macgregor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 5774 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66147 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #66147, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 481 minutes of reading across 1155 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Willie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Augustus, Told; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.