Chapter XXXVI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

in addition

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

wait in hiding to attack

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

regarded with aversion

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

a person of French descent

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

a state of high honor

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

in a gradual manner

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

the force of workers available

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

not any; not one

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

and nothing more

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

an organization to gain political power

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

get something; come into possession of

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

have in common

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

not in physical motion

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

past form of “trick” — deceive somebody

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

a group of three men responsible for public administration or civil authority

From this reading Pompey was the only member of the Triumvirate in Rome.

having won

From this reading And however the Senate might receive the victorious general, Pompey knew that Cæsar was still remembered and adored by the people.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

during the time that

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

which person or people

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.

having won

From this reading CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON While Cæsar was winning glory for himself and for his country in Gaul, Crassus was also fighting against a foreign foe, and in 53 B.C. he was tricked into leading his men into an ambush and was slain.

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading The more the Senate approved of Pompey’s rule, the more he wished that there was no Cæsar to come home to share his power.

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading He himself had gradually withdrawn his sympathy from the popular party, and he now threw his influence wholly on the side of the Optimates, who disliked Cæsar, and like Pompey himself, dreaded his return.