Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi
The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But alas!
When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:
“Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!
Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”
So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But alas!
/bʌt əˈlæs/
Line 2
When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:
Line 3
“Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!
Line 4
Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”
Line 5
So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crushing adjective US /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/

physically or spiritually devastating; often used in combination

From this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

envious adjective US /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

fragment noun US /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

mien noun US /miːn/

dignified manner or conduct

From this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

pomp noun US /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

privately adverb US /ˈpraɪvətli/

kept private or confined to those intimately concerned

From this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

spied verb US /spaɪd/

inflected form of “spy” — catch sight of

From this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

splendor noun US /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

took possession verb + noun counted as “take possession”

In this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

by birth preposition + noun

In this reading ““Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!”

two brothers noun + noun counted as “two brother”

In this reading “When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:”

with the intention preposition + article + noun counted as “with … intention”

In this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading But alas!

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But alas!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

crushingadjectiveUS /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/

physically or spiritually devastating; often used in combination

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

demonnounUS /ˈdiːmən/

an evil supernatural being

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

envynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

Feridoun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

fragmentnounUS /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

hastenedverbUS /ˈheɪsənd/

past form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

Jemshid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

meditated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

miennounUS /miːn/

dignified manner or conduct

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

pompnounUS /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

privatelyadverbUS /ˈpraɪvətli/

kept private or confined to those intimately concerned

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

spiedverbUS /spaɪd/

inflected form of “spy” — catch sight of

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Are not we, also, princes of the house of Jemshid? and older by birth!

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the two brothers of Feridoun saw his altered mien, the pomp and splendor of his appearance, the demon of envy took possession of their hearts, and they privately meditated his destruction, saying one unto the other:

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why, then, should Feridoun lord it over us?”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So it came to pass that one day when the two envious ones spied Feridoun asleep at the foot of a mountain, immediately they hastened unto the summit and rolled down upon him a heavy fragment of rock, with the intention of crushing him to death.

Chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi contain?

Chapter 2 holds 411 sentences of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Common questions about reading The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi?

Yes. All 4390 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57827 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57827, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi take to read?

About 365 minutes of reading across 878 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi section by section

How to work through The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Librarian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cities
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.