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The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi
The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.
Night alone divided The hostile armies.”
But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.
Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.
However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavensBright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.
Line 2
Night alone divided The hostile armies.”
/naɪt əˈloʊn dɪˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈhɑːstəl ˈɑːrmiz/
Line 3
But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.
/bʌt ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl wɑːz rɪˈnuːd ənd frʌm dɔːn tuː set ʌv sʌn ðə ˈterəbəl ˈkɑːnflɪkt reɪdʒd/
Line 4
Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.
/naʊ ðə ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ wɑːz soʊ ɡreɪt ðæt blʌd floʊd laɪk ˈwɔːtər ənd hedz fel frʌm ðer trʌŋks laɪk ˈʌntuː ˈɔːtəm liːvz kɪst baɪ ðə sɑːft saʊθ wɪndz ənd ðə ˈklæmər ənd kənˈfjuːʒən wɜːr soʊ ˈmaɪti ðæt ɜːrθ ənd skaɪ siːmd ˈblendɪd ɪn wʌn/
Line 5
However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

azure noun US /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

blended adjective US /ˈblendɪd/

combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts are indistinguishable

From this reading “Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.”

carnage noun US /ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/

the savage and excessive killing of many people

From this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

caverns noun US /ˈkævərnz/

plural of “cavern” — any large dark enclosed space

From this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

clamor verb US /ˈklæmər/

make loud demands

From this reading “Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.”

raged verb US /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading “But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.”

resounding adjective US /riˈsaʊndɪŋ/

characterized by resonance

From this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

steeds noun US /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.”

autumn leaves noun + noun counted as “autumn leaf”

In this reading “Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.”

Blood flowed noun + noun counted as “blood flow”

In this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

hostile armies adjective + noun counted as “hostile army”

In this reading “Night alone divided The hostile armies.””

terrible conflict adjective + noun

In this reading “But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.”

south winds noun + noun counted as “south wind”

a wind from the south

In this reading “Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.”

Bright beamed adjective + noun counted as “bright beam”

In this reading ““Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.”

like unto verb + particle

In this reading “Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

Afrasiab

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Night alone divided The hostile armies.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Night alone divided The hostile armies.”

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

azurenounUS /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

beamedverbUS /biːmd/

past form of “beam” — smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

blendedadjectiveUS /ˈblendɪd/

combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts are indistinguishable

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

BloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

BrightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

carnagenounUS /ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/

the savage and excessive killing of many people

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

cavernsnounUS /ˈkævərnz/

plural of “cavern” — any large dark enclosed space

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

chargedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrdʒd/

of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

clamorverbUS /ˈklæmər/

make loud demands

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading Night alone divided The hostile armies.”

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

hidverbUS /hɪd/

inflected form of “hide” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading Night alone divided The hostile armies.”

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

kissedverbUS /kɪst/

past form of “kiss” — touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

LoudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

neighed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night alone divided The hostile armies.”

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

Nuder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

resoundingadjectiveUS /riˈsaʊndɪŋ/

characterized by resonance

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

ShooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

steedsnounUS /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

swordsnounUS /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the next morning the battle was renewed, and from dawn to set of sun the terrible conflict raged.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading However, of all the events of that dreadful day none was more terrible than when King Nuder himself charged from out his army to meet the valiant Afrasiab.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading “Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs, Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Now the carnage was so great that blood flowed like water, and heads fell from their trunks like unto autumn leaves, kissed by the soft south winds; and the clamor and confusion were so mighty that earth and sky seemed blended in one.

Chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger holds 415 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi contain?

Chapter 4 holds 415 sentences of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 415 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Common questions about reading The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi by Elizabeth D. Renninger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi?

Yes. All 4390 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57827 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57827, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi take to read?

About 365 minutes of reading across 878 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi section by section

How to work through The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Librarian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cities
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Story of Rustem, and Other Persian Hero Tales from Firdusi; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.