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The story of Santa Klaus
The story of Santa Klaus

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.
Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.
We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.
We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.
This was no mere accident.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Santa Klaus

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.
Line 2
Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.
Line 3
We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.
Line 4
We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.
/wiː rɪˈmɛm.bər ðæt ðoʊ ɪt ˈseləbreɪts ðə ˈmaɪtiəst ɪˈvent ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ˈkrɪsəndəm ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊvərleɪd əˈpɑːn ˈhiːðən ˈfestəvəlz ənd ˈmeni ʌv ɪts əbˈzɜːrvənsɪz ɑːr ˈoʊnli ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz ʌv ˈpeɪɡən tuː ˈkrɪstʃən ˌserəˈmoʊniəl/
Line 5
This was no mere accident.
/ðɪs wɑːz noʊ mɪr ˈæksədənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adaptations noun US /ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “adaptation” — a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

celebrates verb US /ˈseləbreɪts/

third-person singular of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

ceremonial noun US /ˌserəˈmoʊniəl/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

Christendom noun US /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

festivals noun US /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

mightiest adjective US /ˈmaɪtiəst/

superlative of “mighty” — having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

observances noun US /əbˈzɜːrvənsɪz/

plural of “observance” — the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

overlaid verb US /ˈoʊvərleɪd/

inflected form of “overlay” — put something on top of something else

From this reading “We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mere accident adjective + noun

In this reading “This was no mere accident.”

difficult problem adjective + noun

In this reading “Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.”

seemed impossible verb + adjective counted as “seem impossible”

In this reading “Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.”

first sight adjective + noun

In this reading “THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.”

very moment adjective + noun

In this reading “Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading This was no mere accident.

adaptationsnounUS /ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “adaptation” — a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

antedated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

BishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

celebratesverbUS /ˈseləbreɪts/

third-person singular of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

ceremonialnounUS /ˌserəˈmoʊniəl/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

Christ-child

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

Christ-Kinkle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

ChristendomnounUS /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

CHRISTMASnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

EVOLUTIONnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

festivalnounUS /ˈfestəvəl/

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

festivalsnounUS /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

honoredadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

kindlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

Klaus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading This was no mere accident.

merry-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

mightiestadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪtiəst/

superlative of “mighty” — having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

Myra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

NicholasnounUS /ˈnɪkələs/

a bishop in Asia Minor who is associated with Santa Claus (4th century)

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This was no mere accident.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

observancesnounUS /əbˈzɜːrvənsɪz/

plural of “observance” — the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

overlaidverbUS /ˈoʊvərleɪd/

inflected form of “overlay” — put something on top of something else

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

pagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

SaintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

SantanounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

startlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/

so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

stroveverbUS /stroʊv/

inflected form of “strive” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We remember that the Christmas festival of to-day is a gradual evolution from times that long antedated the Christian period.

transformationnounUS /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/

a qualitative change

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We remember that though it celebrates the mightiest event in the history of Christendom, it was overlaid upon heathen festivals, and many of its observances are only adaptations of pagan to Christian ceremonial.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

white-bearded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

white-hairedadjective

showing characteristics of age, especially having grey or white hair

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS Now I must own that at first sight it is difficult to explain how the Christ-child of the past--the Holy One whose birth is remembered and honored in that feast which we call Christmas, should gradually have been changed into the white-haired, white-bearded, merry-hearted and kindly old pagan whom we sometimes call Christ-Kinkle but more frequently Santa Klaus.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet at the very moment when we come face to face with this difficult problem we have reached the explanation which seemed impossible when we strove to understand the much less startling transformation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, into Santa Klaus, patron of the Christmas season.

Chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus by William S. Walsh holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus contain?

Chapter 5 holds 54 sentences of The story of Santa Klaus, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus by William S. Walsh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The story of Santa Klaus?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The story of Santa Klaus

Common questions about reading The story of Santa Klaus by William S. Walsh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The story of Santa Klaus?

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Which edition of The story of Santa Klaus is used?

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How to work through The story of Santa Klaus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Santa Klaus

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Santa Klaus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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