Chapter III · Chapter 3

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

although

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the soft brown fur of the beaver

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

for the reason that

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

of or relating to Canada or its people

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

make up

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

characterized by great determination

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

an imaginary place of great wealth and opportunity; sought in South America by 16th-century explorers

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

-ing form of “formulate” — elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

plural of “fur” — the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

coins made of gold

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

a form of address for a man

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

and nothing more

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

comparative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

carry out

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

in the direction of

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading At St. Louis was Manuel Lisa, the Spanish fur trader, already reaching out for the furs of the Missouri.

the act of using

From this reading Each of three companies was determined to use all means fair or foul to exclude its rivals from the field; and a fourth company was drawn into the strife because the conflict menaced its own existence.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

in or at the place that

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

past form of “winter” — spend the winter

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THREE COMPANIES IN CONFLICT If only one company had attempted to take possession of the vast fur country west of the Mississippi, the fur trade would not have become international history; but three companies were at strife for possession of territory richer than Spanish Eldorado, albeit the coin was "beaver"--not gold.

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading From their Canadian headquarters at Fort William on Lake Superior, the Nor' Westers had yearly moved farther down the Columbia towards the mouth, where Lewis and Clark had wintered on the Pacific.

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading In New York, Mr. Astor was formulating schemes to add to his fur empire the territory west of the Mississippi.