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The story of Wandering Willie
The story of Wandering Willie

Chapter IV · _Classification of the Population, Upper, Middle,

Chapter IV of The story of Wandering Willie, “_Classification of the Population, Upper, Middle,,” is here in full — 557 sentences across 112 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.
Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.
By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.
8vo.
9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The story of Wandering Willie

Chapter IV · _Classification of the Population, Upper, Middle,

Chapter IV of The story of Wandering Willie, “_Classification of the Population, Upper, Middle,,” is here in full — 557 sentences across 112 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/111 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.
Line 2
Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.
Line 3
By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.
Line 4
8vo.
Line 5
9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diplomacy noun US /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading “Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.”

gazette noun US /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading “and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.”

International adjective US /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl/

concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations

From this reading “By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.”

mall noun US /mɔːl/

a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk

From this reading “and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.”

painstaking adjective US /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading “and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.”

pall verb US /pɑːl/

become less interesting or attractive

From this reading “and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.”

Systems noun US /ˈsɪstəmz/

plural of “system” — instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading “9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.”

Treaties noun US /ˈtriːtiz/

plural of “treaty” — a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

International Law adjective + noun

the body of laws governing relations between nations

In this reading “By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.”

most interesting adverb + adjective

In this reading “and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.”

LECTURES ON verb + particle counted as “lecture on”

In this reading “Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8vo.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

ARTISTnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

BernardnounUS /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

BlakenounUS /bleɪk/

visionary British poet and painter (1757-1827)

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

Chichele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

ClassesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

CONNECTEDadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

DIPLOMACYnounUS /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

FOURnounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

GAZETTEnounUS /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

IncomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

InternationaladjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl/

concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

KingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

LabournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

LawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

LECTURESnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

MALLnounUS /mɔːl/

a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

MOUNTAGUE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

ObligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

painstakingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

PALLverbUS /pɑːl/

become less interesting or attractive

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

PastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

PolicynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

PresentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A., Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Oxford.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

SUBJECTSnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

SystemsnounUS /ˈsɪstəmz/

plural of “system” — instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

TreatiesnounUS /ˈtriːtiz/

plural of “treaty” — a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading and Labour Classes._ II.--_Income of the United Kingdom._ "_A painstaking and certainly most interesting inquiry._"--PALL MALL GAZETTE.

vo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8vo.

Westphalia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

WILLIAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9_s._ _Four Lectures, dealing with (1) The Congress of Westphalia; (2) Systems of Policy; (3) Diplomacy, Past and Present; (4) The Obligations of Treaties._ Blake.--THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE, THE ARTIST.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Bernard.--FOUR LECTURES ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH DIPLOMACY.

Chapter 4 of The story of Wandering Willie by Augusta, Lady Noel holds 557 sentences, grouped into 112 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The story of Wandering Willie contain?

Chapter 4 holds 557 sentences of The story of Wandering Willie, unabridged, divided into 112 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The story of Wandering Willie by Augusta, Lady Noel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 557 sentences, grouped into 112 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The story of Wandering Willie?

Work through the 112 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 112 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of The story of Wandering Willie?

Yes. All 5166 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74368 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The story of Wandering Willie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74368, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The story of Wandering Willie take to read?

About 430 minutes of reading across 1034 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The story of Wandering Willie

Words and structures a reader meets early in The story of Wandering Willie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wandering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The story of Wandering Willie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Willie'--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The story of Wandering Willie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scotch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The story of Wandering Willie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The story of Wandering Willie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.