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The Student's Life of Washington
The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.
While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.
The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.
The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.
Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.
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The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.
Line 2
While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.
/waɪl ðə tuː ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz wɜːr ˈθretənɪŋ ˈkænədə frʌm ˈdɪfərənt ˈkwɔːrtərz ðə wɔːr wɑːz ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɑːn əˈlɔːŋ ðə ˈsiːbɔːrd/
Line 3
The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.
/ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪn ˈbɑːstən kʌt ɔːf frʌm səˈplaɪz baɪ lænd ˈfɪtəd aʊt smɔːl ɑːrmd ˈvesəlz tuː siːk ðem əˈlɔːŋ ðə koʊst ʌv nuː ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 4
The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.
/ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts droʊv ðer ˈkætəl ˈɪntuː ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ɔːr ˈboʊldli rɪˈzɪstɪd ðə əˈɡresərz/
Line 5
Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aggressors noun US /əˈɡresərz/

plural of “aggressor” — someone who attacks

From this reading “The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.”

expeditions noun US /ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading “While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.”

forage noun US /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/

bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle

From this reading “Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.”

levies noun US /ˈleviz/

plural of “levy” — a charge imposed and collected

From this reading “Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.”

repulsed verb US /riˈpʌlst/

past form of “repulse” — force or drive back

From this reading “Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.”

resisted verb US /rɪˈzɪstɪd/

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading “The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.”

seaboard noun US /ˈsiːbɔːrd/

the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort

From this reading “While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.”

siege noun US /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading “WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ALONG THE COAST preposition + article + noun counted as “along … coast”

In this reading “WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.”

cut off verb + particle

make a break in

In this reading “The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.”

armed vessels adjective + noun counted as “armed vessel”

In this reading “The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.”

different quarters adjective + noun

In this reading “While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.”

repulsed by verb + particle counted as “repulse by”

In this reading “Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.”

supplies by verb + particle counted as “supply by”

In this reading “The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.”

by land preposition + noun

In this reading “The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aggressorsnounUS /əˈɡresərz/

plural of “aggressor” — someone who attacks

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

ALONGprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

boldlyadverbUS /ˈboʊldli/

with boldness, in a bold manner

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

CanadanounUS /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

COASTnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

expeditionsnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

foragenounUS /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/

bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

hastyadjectiveUS /ˈheɪsti/

excessively quick

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

leviesnounUS /ˈleviz/

plural of “levy” — a charge imposed and collected

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

PartiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

PROGRESSnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

repulsedverbUS /riˈpʌlst/

past form of “repulse” — force or drive back

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

resistedverbUS /rɪˈzɪstɪd/

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

seaboardnounUS /ˈsiːbɔːrd/

the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

SIEGEnounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The inhabitants drove their cattle into the interior, or boldly resisted the aggressors.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

threateningadjectiveUS /ˈθretənɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The British in Boston, cut off from supplies by land, fitted out small armed vessels to seek them along the coast of New England.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading WAR ALONG THE COAST.--PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the two expeditions were threatening Canada from different quarters, the war was going on along the seaboard.

yeomanrynoun

class of small freeholders who cultivated their own land

From this reading Parties landing to forage were often repulsed by hasty levies of the yeomanry.

Chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington contain?

Chapter 12 holds 142 sentences of The Student's Life of Washington, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Student's Life of Washington?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington

Common questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Student's Life of Washington?

Yes. All 11720 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32987 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Student's Life of Washington is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32987, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Student's Life of Washington take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2344 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Student's Life of Washington

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Student's Life of Washington, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revolution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Student's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.