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The Student's Life of Washington
The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 257 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
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WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.
Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.
Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.
Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.
I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 257 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.
Line 2
Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.
Line 3
Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.
Line 4
Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.
/sʌm səˈpoʊz ðeɪ ɑːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈɪntuː ˈwɪntər ˈkwɔːrtərz ənd wɪl sɪt daʊn ɪn nuː jɔːrk wɪˈθaʊt ˈduːɪŋ mɔːr ðæn ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ fɔːrt ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/
Line 5
I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

investing noun US /ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading “Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.”

Jerseys noun US /ˈdʒɜːrziz/

plural of “jersey” — a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.”

Livingston noun US /ˈlɪvɪŋstən/

American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)

From this reading “Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.”

northern adjective US /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading “WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.”

speculations noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.”

subscribe verb US /səbˈskraɪb/

offer to buy, as of stocks and shares

From this reading “I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.”

washington noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading “WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.”

writes verb US /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading “Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

winter quarters noun + noun

In this reading “Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.”

sit down verb + adjective

take a seat

In this reading “Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.”

sudden movement adjective + noun

In this reading “Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.”

towards the North preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … north”

In this reading “Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

head-quarters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

investingnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

JerseysnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrziz/

plural of “jersey” — a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

LivingstonnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋstən/

American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

NORTHERNadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

PEEKSKILL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

speculationsnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

subscribeverbUS /səbˈskraɪb/

offer to buy, as of stocks and shares

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

VariousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

WASHINGTONnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading WASHINGTON AT PEEKSKILL.--THE NORTHERN ARMY.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Various were the speculations at head-quarters on the sudden movement of the enemy.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading I cannot subscribe wholly to this opinion myself.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Washington writes to General William Livingston (now governor of the Jerseys): "They have gone towards the North River and King's Bridge.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Some suppose they are going into winter quarters, and will sit down in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington.

Chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving holds 257 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington contain?

Chapter 19 holds 257 sentences of The Student's Life of Washington, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 257 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Student's Life of Washington?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington

Common questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Student's Life of Washington?

Yes. All 11720 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32987 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Student's Life of Washington is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32987, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Student's Life of Washington take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2344 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Student's Life of Washington section by section

How to work through The Student's Life of Washington section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Student's Life of Washington

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Student's Life of Washington, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revolution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Student's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.