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The Student's Life of Washington
The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 283 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
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THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.
The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."
The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.
They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.
So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 283 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.
Line 2
The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."
/ðə haʊz lɜːrnd tuː ðer ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən ðæt ðə mɪr ˈrʌnɪŋ θruː ə ˈprɑːvəns ɪz nɑːt səbˈduːɪŋ ɪt/
Line 3
The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.
Line 4
They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.
Line 5
So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.
/soʊ fɑːr frʌm ˈhoʊldɪŋ pəˈzeʃən ʌv ðə ˈterɪtɔːri ðeɪ hæd soʊ ˈriːsəntli ˈoʊvərrʌn ðeɪ wɜːr feɪn tuː æsk seɪf ˈkɑːndəkt əˈkrɔːs ɪt fɔːr ə ˈkɑːnvɔɪ tuː ðer ˈsoʊldʒərz ˈkæptʃərd ɪn ˈbætəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.”

convoy noun US /ˈkɑːnvɔɪ/

a procession of land vehicles traveling together

From this reading “So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.”

hemmed verb US /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading “They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.”

Howes noun US /haʊz/

plural of “howe” — United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading “The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."”

Jerseys noun US /ˈdʒɜːrziz/

plural of “jersey” — a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.”

morristown noun US /ˈmɔːrəstaʊn/

a town in northern New Jersey where the Continental Army spent two winters

From this reading “THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.”

overrun verb US /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading “So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.”

subduing verb US /səbˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “subdue” — put down by force or intimidation

From this reading “The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in battle preposition + noun

In this reading “So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

ATTACKnounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

castledadjective

having or resembling repeated square indentations like those in a battlement

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

convoynounUS /ˈkɑːnvɔɪ/

a procession of land vehicles traveling together

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

fainadjectiveUS /feɪn/

having made preparations

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

handfulnounUS /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

hemmedverbUS /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

HowesnounUS /haʊz/

plural of “howe” — United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

JerseysnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrziz/

plural of “jersey” — a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

MORRISTOWNnounUS /ˈmɔːrəstaʊn/

a town in northern New Jersey where the Continental Army spent two winters

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

mortificationnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən/

strong feelings of embarrassment

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

outgeneralled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The British commanders had been outgeneralled, attacked and defeated.

overrunverbUS /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

PEEKSKILL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

provincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

subduingverbUS /səbˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “subdue” — put down by force or intimidation

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading So far from holding possession of the territory they had so recently overrun, they were fain to ask safe conduct across it for a convoy to their soldiers captured in battle.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ARMY AT MORRISTOWN.--ATTACK ON PEEKSKILL.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Howes learned to their mortification that "the mere running through a province is not subduing it."

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They had nearly been driven out of the Jerseys, and were now hemmed in and held in check by Washington and his handful of men castled among the heights of Morristown.

Chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving holds 283 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington contain?

Chapter 21 holds 283 sentences of The Student's Life of Washington, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 283 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Student's Life of Washington?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington

Common questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Student's Life of Washington?

Yes. All 11720 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32987 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Student's Life of Washington is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32987, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Student's Life of Washington take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2344 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Student's Life of Washington

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Student's Life of Washington, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revolution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Student's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.