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The Student's Life of Washington
The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
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EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.
The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.
The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.
Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.
Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.
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The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.
Line 2
The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.
/ðə dɪˈleɪ ʌv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ tuː ɪˈvækjəeɪt ˌfɪləˈdelfiə tæskt ðə səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i ʌv ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən bʌt hiː səˈpoʊzd ɪt tuː hæv bɪn kɑːzd baɪ ðə ərˈaɪvəl ʌv ðə kəˈmɪʃənərz frʌm ɡreɪt ˈbrɪtən/
Line 3
The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.
/ðə fɔːrs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪn ðə ˈmiːntaɪm hæd bɪn mʌtʃ rəˈduːst/
Line 4
Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.
/faɪv ˈθaʊzənd men hæd bɪn dɪˈtætʃt tuː eɪd ɪn ə ˈsʌdən dɪˈsent ɑːn ðə frentʃ pəˈzeʃənz ɪn ðə west ˈɪndiz θriː ˈθaʊzənd mɔːr tuː ˈflɔːrədə/
Line 5
Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.
/moʊst ʌv ðə ˈkævəlri wɪð ˈʌðər truːps hæd bɪn ʃɪpt wɪð ðə prəˈvɪʒən treɪn ənd ˈhevi ˈbæɡədʒ tuː nuː jɔːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commissioners noun US /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading “The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.”

evacuate verb US /ɪˈvækjəeɪt/

move out of an unsafe location into safety

From this reading “The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.”

evacuation noun US /ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən/

the act of removing the contents of something

From this reading “EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.”

Florida noun US /ˈflɔːrədə/

a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

Indies noun US /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

sagacity noun US /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

The quality of being sagacious; keen wisdom and sound judgment. (Sự minh triết, sự sáng suốt.)

From this reading “The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.”

shipped verb US /ʃɪpt/

inflected form of “ship” — transport commercially

From this reading “Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.”

tasked verb US /tæskt/

past form of “task” — assign a task to

From this reading “The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Five thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

three thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

in the meantime preposition + article + noun counted as “in … meantime”

during the intervening time

In this reading “The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.”

thousand men noun + noun

In this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

much reduced adverb + adjective

In this reading “The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.”

in the West preposition + article + noun counted as “in … west”

In this reading “Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.”

in the city preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

baggagenounUS /ˈbæɡədʒ/

cases used to carry belongings when traveling

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

commissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

COURTnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

detachedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtætʃt/

showing lack of emotional involvement

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

evacuateverbUS /ɪˈvækjəeɪt/

move out of an unsafe location into safety

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

EVACUATIONnounUS /ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən/

the act of removing the contents of something

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

FivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

FloridanounUS /ˈflɔːrədə/

a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

IndiesnounUS /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the time between one event, process, or period and another

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

MONMOUTH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

PHILADELPHIAnounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading EVACUATION OF PHILADELPHIA.--BATTLE OF MONMOUTH COURT HOUSE.

possessionsnounUS /pəˈzeʃənz/

plural of “possession” — the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading The force in the city in the meantime had been much reduced.

sagacitynounUS /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

The quality of being sagacious; keen wisdom and sound judgment. (Sự minh triết, sự sáng suốt.)

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

shippedverbUS /ʃɪpt/

inflected form of “ship” — transport commercially

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

taskedverbUS /tæskt/

past form of “task” — assign a task to

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading The delay of the British to evacuate Philadelphia tasked the sagacity of Washington, but he supposed it to have been caused by the arrival of the commissioners from Great Britain.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Five thousand men had been detached to aid in a sudden descent on the French possessions in the West Indies; three thousand more to Florida.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Most of the cavalry with other troops had been shipped with the provision train and heavy baggage to New York.

Chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington contain?

Chapter 27 holds 437 sentences of The Student's Life of Washington, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of The Student's Life of Washington?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Student's Life of Washington

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History
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American
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Revolution
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Student's
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