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The Student's Life of Washington
The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 238 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.
At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.
The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.
By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.
Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Student's Life of Washington

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington is here in full — 238 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.
Line 2
At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.
/æt ðɪs taɪm ə plæn wɑːz fɔːrmd æt ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz səˈdʒestʃən tuː ɡet pəˈzeʃən ʌv ðə ˈpɜːrsən ʌv ˈɑːrnəld/
Line 3
The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.
Line 4
By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.
/baɪ ˈmeni ˈprɑːməsəz ənd mʌtʃ pərˈsweɪʒən liː brɔːt hɪm tuː enˈɡeɪdʒ ɪn ðə əˈtempt/
Line 5
Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arnold noun US /ˈɑːrnəld/

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading “PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.”

desertion noun US /dɪˈzɜːrʃən/

withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility

From this reading “Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.”

entrap verb US /ɪnˈtræp/

take or catch as if in a snare or trap

From this reading “PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.”

legion noun US /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading “The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.”

persuasion noun US /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading “By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.”

projects noun US /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading “PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.”

Virginian noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading “The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.”

Washington's noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading “At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty-four years adjective + noun

In this reading “The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.”

get possession verb + noun

In this reading “At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.”

engage in verb + particle

In this reading “By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

agentnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

ARNOLDnounUS /ˈɑːrnəld/

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

Champe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

desertionnounUS /dɪˈzɜːrʃən/

withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility

From this reading Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.

engageverbUS /enˈɡeɪdʒ/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

ENTRAPverbUS /ɪnˈtræp/

take or catch as if in a snare or trap

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

legionnounUS /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

persuasionnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

pitchedadjectiveUS /pɪtʃt/

(of sound) set to a certain pitch or key; usually used as a combining form

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

PLANverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

pretendedadjectiveUS /priˈtendɪd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading Champe was to make a pretended desertion to the enemy at New York.

PROJECTSnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

promisesnounUS /ˈprɑːməsəz/

plural of “promise” — a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future

From this reading By many promises and much persuasion, Lee brought him to engage in the attempt.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

sergeant-major

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

suggestionnounUS /səˈdʒestʃən/

an idea that is suggested

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

twenty-fouradjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɔːr/

being four more than twenty

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

VirginiannounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

Washington'snounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading At this time a plan was formed at Washington's suggestion to get possession of the person of Arnold.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading PLAN TO ENTRAP ARNOLD.--PROJECTS AGAINST NEW YORK.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The agent pitched upon by Lee for the purpose, was the sergeant-major of cavalry in his legion, John Champe by name, a young Virginian about twenty-four years of age.

Chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving holds 238 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington contain?

Chapter 31 holds 238 sentences of The Student's Life of Washington, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 238 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Student's Life of Washington?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington

Common questions about reading The Student's Life of Washington by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Student's Life of Washington?

Yes. All 11720 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32987 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Student's Life of Washington is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32987, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Student's Life of Washington take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2344 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Student's Life of Washington section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Student's Life of Washington

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Student's Life of Washington, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revolution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Student's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Student's Life of Washington; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.