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The Study of Plant Life
The Study of Plant Life

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.
80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.
In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and over-cultivated leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.
~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.
Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Study of Plant Life

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.
Line 2
80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.
Line 3
In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners andover-cultivatedleave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.
Line 4
~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.
/ðɪs ɡɪvz ʌs ðə kiː tuː ðə ˈsiː.krət ʌv ðə ˈstrʌktʃər ʌv ðə ˈflaʊərz ðemˈselvz ðeɪ ɑːr ðə ˈfɔːrʌnərz ʌv ðə fruːts kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ siːd ənd ðer ˈstrʌktʃər ənd ɔːl ðer pɑːrts ɑːr əˈdæptɪd ɪn sʌm weɪ tuː help ɪn ðə fɔːrˈmeɪʃən ʌv fruːt/
Line 5
Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.
/naʊ let ʌs ɪɡˈzæmɪn ðə ˈflaʊərz ˈnevər fərˈɡetɪŋ ðæt fækt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dandelion noun US /ˈdændəlaɪən/

any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls

From this reading “80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.”

forerunners noun US /ˈfɔːrʌnərz/

plural of “forerunner” — a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading “~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.”

formation noun US /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading “~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.”

gardeners noun US /ˈɡɑːrdənərz/

plural of “gardener” — someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading “In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.”

pea noun US /piː/

seed of a pea plant used for food

From this reading “FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.”

peas noun US /piːz/

plural of “pea” — seed of a pea plant used for food

From this reading “FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.”

pod noun US /pɑːd/

the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)

From this reading “FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.”

puff verb US /pʌf/

smoke and exhale strongly

From this reading “80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

green pea noun + noun

fresh pea

In this reading “FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.”

some way adjective + noun

In this reading “~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.”

little green adjective + noun

In this reading “FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

80

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

dandelionnounUS /ˈdændəlaɪən/

any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

fadingnounUS /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

fignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

FLOWERSnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

forerunnersnounUS /ˈfɔːrʌnərz/

plural of “forerunner” — a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

forgettingverbUS /fərˈɡetɪŋ/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

fruitsnounUS /fruːts/

plural of “fruit” — the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

full-grownadjective

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

gardenersnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənərz/

plural of “gardener” — someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now let us examine the flowers, never forgetting that fact.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

over-cultivated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

peanounUS /piː/

seed of a pea plant used for food

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

pea-flower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

peasnounUS /piːz/

plural of “pea” — seed of a pea plant used for food

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

podnounUS /pɑːd/

the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

puffverbUS /pʌf/

smoke and exhale strongly

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

ripens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

scatters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

seednounUS /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

seedsnounUS /siːdz/

plural of “seed” — a small hard fruit

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading ~This gives us the key to the secret of the structure of the flowers themselves.~ =They are the forerunners of the fruits=, ~containing living seed, and their structure and all their parts are adapted in some way to help in the formation of fruit~.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In fact, almost all flowers which have not been spoiled by the gardeners and “over-cultivated” leave in their place when they die fruits and seeds in some form or other.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading 80); and a yellow dandelion flower turns in the end to a white puff ball which scatters a hundred floating fruits.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading FLOWERS If you have ever noticed a pea-flower fading, you will have seen that from its heart there grows a little green pea pod which ripens till there are full-grown peas in it (~see~ fig.

Chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life contain?

Chapter 18 holds 83 sentences of The Study of Plant Life, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Study of Plant Life?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Study of Plant Life

Common questions about reading The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Study of Plant Life?

Yes. All 1900 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59106 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Study of Plant Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59106, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Study of Plant Life take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Study of Plant Life section by section

How to work through The Study of Plant Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Study of Plant Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Study of Plant Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Study of Plant Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stopes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprising
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attempt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.