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The Study of Plant Life
The Study of Plant Life

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.
The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.
This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.
Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.
Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Study of Plant Life

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.
Line 2
The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.
/ðə ruːts ɑːr nɑːt ˈeɪbəl tuː faɪnd ɪˈnʌf ˈmɔɪstʃər ɪn ðə sɔɪl tuː səˈplaɪ ðə liːvz wɪtʃ ˈbiːɪŋ ɪn ðə hɑːt er kənˈtɪnjuː tuː trænˈspaɪər əˈweɪ ðə ˈwɔːtər ˈriːsɔːrsɪz ʌv ðə plænt soʊ ðæt ɪn ðə end iːtʃ ʌv ɪts selz mʌst ˈsʌfər ənd ðə hoʊl bɪˈkʌm lɪmp ənd druːp/
Line 3
This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.
/ðɪs ˈhæpənz bɪˈkɔːz ðə ˈɔːrdəneri ɡriːn plænts ʌv ˈaʊər ˈkʌntri meɪk noʊ ˈspeʃəl ˌprepərˈeɪʃən fɔːr sʌtʃ draɪ ˈweðər/
Line 4
Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.
/ˈaʊər hɑːt ˈsiːzən ɪz ʃɔːrt ənd ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðə ˈsʌmər wiː hæv ˈfriːkwənt ˈʃaʊərz wɪtʃ kiːp ðə sɔɪl mɔɪst ɪˈnʌf tuː prəˈvaɪd ðə plænts wɪð ˈwɔːtər frʌm deɪ tuː deɪ soʊ ðæt ðeɪ hæv nɑːt bɪˈkʌm əˈkʌstəmd tuː lɔːŋ ˈpɪriədz wen ðer ɪz noʊ ˈprɑːspekt ʌv reɪn/
Line 5
Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.
/kəmˈper wʌn ʌv ˈaʊər ˈjuːʒəwəl ɡriːn plænts ə ˈsʌnflaʊər fɔːr ɪɡˈzæmpəl wɪð sʌtʃ ə θɪŋ æz ə ˈkæktəs wɪtʃ juː meɪ ɡet ˈɡroʊɪŋ ɪn ə pɑːt ʌv draɪ sænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cactus noun US /ˈkæktəs/

any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines

From this reading “Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.”

cells noun US /selz/

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading “The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.”

droop verb US /druːp/

droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading “The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.”

lanes noun US /leɪnz/

plural of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading “SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.”

showers noun US /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading “Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.”

sunflower noun US /ˈsʌnflaʊər/

any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays

From this reading “Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.”

transpire verb US /trænˈspaɪər/

pass through the tissue or substance or its pores or interstices, as of gas

From this reading “The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.”

wither verb US /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading “SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

become accustomed verb + adjective

In this reading “Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.”

dry sand noun + noun

In this reading “Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.”

dry weather noun + noun

In this reading “This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.”

along the lanes preposition + article + noun counted as “along … lane”

In this reading “SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.”

hot season adjective + noun

In this reading “Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.”

long periods adjective + noun counted as “long period”

In this reading “Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.”

for example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.”

hot air adjective + noun

air that has been heated and tends to rise

In this reading “The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

beatsnounUS /biːts/

a United States youth subculture of the 1950s; rejected possessions or regular work or traditional dress; for communal living and psychedelic drugs and anarchism; favored modern forms of jazz (e.g., bebop)

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

cactusnounUS /ˈkæktəs/

any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

cellsnounUS /selz/

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

CompareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

droopverbUS /druːp/

droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

lanesnounUS /leɪnz/

plural of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

limpverbUS /lɪmp/

walk impeded by some physical limitation or injury

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

LOSSnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

moistadjectiveUS /mɔɪst/

slightly wet

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

moisturenounUS /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

wetness caused by water

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

PLANTSnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

potnounUS /pɑːt/

metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

PROTECTIONnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

resourcesnounUS /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/

plural of “resource” — available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

showersnounUS /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

SPECIALISATIONnoun

(biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

sunflowernounUS /ˈsʌnflaʊər/

any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

transpireverbUS /trænˈspaɪər/

pass through the tissue or substance or its pores or interstices, as of gas

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Compare one of our usual green plants, a sunflower, for example, with such a thing as a cactus, which you may get growing in a pot of dry sand.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

WATERnounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading This happens because the ordinary green plants of our country make no special preparation for such dry weather.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The roots are not able to find enough moisture in the soil to supply the leaves, which, being in the hot air, continue to transpire away the water resources of the plant, so that in the end each of its cells must suffer and the whole become limp and droop.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Our hot season is short, and even in the summer we have frequent showers which keep the soil moist enough to provide the plants with water from day to day, so that they have not become accustomed to long periods when there is no prospect of rain.

witherverbUS /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading SPECIALISATION IN PLANTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS OF WATER If you go along the lanes and in the gardens in the height of summer when it is hot and dry and the sun beats on the plants all day, you may see them beginning to wither for want of water.

Chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life contain?

Chapter 21 holds 42 sentences of The Study of Plant Life, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Study of Plant Life?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Study of Plant Life

Common questions about reading The Study of Plant Life by Marie Carmichael Stopes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Study of Plant Life?

Yes. All 1900 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59106 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Study of Plant Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59106, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Study of Plant Life take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Study of Plant Life section by section

How to work through The Study of Plant Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Study of Plant Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Study of Plant Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Study of Plant Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stopes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprising
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attempt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Study of Plant Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.