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The Sturgis wager
The Sturgis wager

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LEAD-LINED VAT.
Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.
As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.
He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.
"So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sturgis wager

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LEAD-LINED VAT.
Line 2
Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.
Line 3
As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.
/æz hiː tɔːkt hiː ˈkerləsli ˈwɪtəld ðə ˈkʌvər ʌv ðə ˈwʊdən bɑːks wɪð ðə naɪf wɪtʃ hiː stɪl held ɪn hɪz hænd/
Line 4
He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.
Line 5
"So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.
/soʊ juː siː hiː kənˈkluːdəd wiː hæv ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə aɪˈdentɪtiː ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdi ɪn ðə kæb ənd ʌv ðə jʌŋ mæn huː ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ˈæftər ðə kæb wɑːz əpˈset/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actors noun US /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

inferences noun US /ˈɪnfərensɪz/

plural of “inference” — the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

investigation noun US /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

observations noun US /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

omitting verb US /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

reconstructed adjective US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪd/

adapted to social or economic change

From this reading “He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.”

vat noun US /væt/

a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production

From this reading “THE LEAD-LINED VAT.”

whittled verb US /ˈwɪtəld/

past form of “whittle” — cut small bits or pare shavings from

From this reading “As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wooden box adjective + noun

In this reading “As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “"So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.”

in the cab preposition + article + noun counted as “in … cab”

In this reading “"So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.”

with the knife preposition + article + noun counted as “with … knife”

In this reading “As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

boxnounUS /bɑːks/

a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

cabnounUS /kæb/

a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

carelesslyadverbUS /ˈkerləsli/

without care or concern

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

concludedadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

droppingadjectiveUS /ˈdrɑːpɪŋ/

coming down freely under the influence of gravity

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

identitynounUS /aɪˈdentɪtiː/

the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

inferencesnounUS /ˈɪnfərensɪz/

plural of “inference” — the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

investigationnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

Knickerbocker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

LEAD-LINED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LEAD-LINED VAT.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

Murdock's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

omittingverbUS /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

reconstructedadjectiveUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪd/

adapted to social or economic change

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

Sprague

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

Sturgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LEAD-LINED VAT.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Sprague seated himself upon the long pine box; and Sturgis, dropping into the only chair, began his narrative.

upsetverbUS /əpˈset/

disturb the balance or stability of

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

VATnounUS /væt/

a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production

From this reading THE LEAD-LINED VAT.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading He began with an account of his investigation at the Knickerbocker bank, and explained the result of his observations and inferences down to the time of his visit to Murdock's house, omitting, however, to mention any of the names of the actors in the reconstructed drama.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

whittledverbUS /ˈwɪtəld/

past form of “whittle” — cut small bits or pare shavings from

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading As he talked, he carelessly whittled the cover of the wooden box with the knife which he still held in his hand.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading "So you see," he concluded, "we have established the identity of the body in the cab, and of the young man who disappeared after the cab was upset.

Chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager by Edgar Morette holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager contain?

Chapter 20 holds 108 sentences of The Sturgis wager, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager by Edgar Morette exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Sturgis wager?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Sturgis wager

Common questions about reading The Sturgis wager by Edgar Morette on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Sturgis wager?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Sturgis wager is used?

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Sturgis wager section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Sturgis wager

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sturgis wager, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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