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The Sturgis wager
The Sturgis wager

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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THE SPEAKING-TUBE.
Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.
As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.
No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.
His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sturgis wager

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SPEAKING-TUBE.
Line 2
Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.
Line 3
As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.
Line 4
No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.
/noʊ ˈkɑːnʃəs ˌɪmˈpreʃən wɑːz meɪd əˈpɑːn hɪz breɪn baɪ ðə ˈkɑːntækt bʌt ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli hɪz ˈfɪŋɡərz ˈtaɪtənd æz ðeɪ slɪpt ˈoʊvər ðə smuːð ˈsɜːrfəs/
Line 5
His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.
/hɪz raɪt hænd strʌk æn ˈɑːbstəkəl ənd kloʊzd əˈpɑːn ɪt ɪn ðə kənˈvʌlsɪv ɡrɪp ʌv ə ˈdaɪɪŋ mæn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

automatically adverb US /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/

in a reflex manner

From this reading “No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.”

clutched verb US /klʌtʃt/

past form of “clutch” — take hold of; grab

From this reading “As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.”

convulsive adjective US /kənˈvʌlsɪv/

affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

From this reading “His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.”

implanted adjective US /ˌɪmˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

instincts noun US /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

obstacle noun US /ˈɑːbstəkəl/

something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading “His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.”

strongest adjective US /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

tightened verb US /ˈtaɪtənd/

past form of “tighten” — make tight or tighter

From this reading “No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

smooth surface adjective + noun

In this reading “No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.”

living creatures noun + noun counted as “living creature”

In this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

stone wall noun + noun

a fence built of rough stones; used to separate fields

In this reading “As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.”

dying man adjective + noun

In this reading “His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.”

fell forward verb + particle

In this reading “As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.”

of self-preservation preposition + noun

In this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

from the top preposition + article + noun counted as “from … top”

In this reading “Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

automaticallyadverbUS /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/

in a reflex manner

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

clutchedverbUS /klʌtʃt/

past form of “clutch” — take hold of; grab

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

convulsiveadjectiveUS /kənˈvʌlsɪv/

affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

fingersnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərz/

plural of “finger” — any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

gripnounUS /ɡrɪp/

the act of grasping

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

implantedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

obstaclenounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəl/

something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading His right hand struck an obstacle and closed upon it, in the convulsive grip of a dying man.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

self-preservationnoun

preservation of yourself from harm; a natural or instinctive tendency

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

slippedverbUS /slɪpt/

inflected form of “slip” — move stealthily

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

SPEAKING-TUBE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SPEAKING-TUBE.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

strongestadjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

Sturgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SPEAKING-TUBE.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

tightenedverbUS /ˈtaɪtənd/

past form of “tighten” — make tight or tighter

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Nature has implanted in every one of its living creatures, from the top to the bottom of the scale, the strongest of all instincts--that of self-preservation.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No conscious impression was made upon his brain by the contact; but, automatically, his fingers tightened as they slipped over the smooth surface.

wildlyadverbUS /ˈwaɪldli/

to an extreme or greatly exaggerated degree

From this reading As Sturgis fell forward and clutched wildly at the air, his hands struck the stone wall of the square chamber.

Chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager by Edgar Morette holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager contain?

Chapter 23 holds 95 sentences of The Sturgis wager, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager by Edgar Morette exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Sturgis wager?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Sturgis wager

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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