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The subaltern
The subaltern

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The subaltern is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The subaltern
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."
"Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."
'THE SUBALTERN.'
Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.
A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The subaltern

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The subaltern is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."
Line 2
"Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."
/oʊ ˈmem.ər.i fɑːnd ˈmem.ər.i wen ɔːl θɪŋz feɪl wiː tɜːrn tuː ðiː/
Line 3
'THE SUBALTERN.'
Line 4
Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.
Line 5
A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

concluding adjective US /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

generation noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

latest adjective US /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

narrative noun US /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

nations noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.”

realities noun US /ˌriːˈælətiːz/

plural of “reality” — all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

recorded adjective US /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

therein adverb US /ðeˈrɪn/

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading “Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

large space adjective + noun

In this reading “A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.”

all things adjective + noun

In this reading “"Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

concludingadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

Forty-sixadjective

being six more than forty

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

Hæc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

inconsiderableadjective

too small or unimportant to merit attention

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

Juvabit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

meminisse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

olim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Hæc olim meminisse Juvabit."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

realitiesnounUS /ˌriːˈælətiːz/

plural of “reality” — all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

SUBALTERNnoun

a British commissioned army officer below the rank of captain

From this reading 'THE SUBALTERN.'

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'THE SUBALTERN.'

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

thereinadverbUS /ðeˈrɪn/

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A large space this latter in the life of the individual man--a not inconsiderable one in the existence even of nations.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "Oh memory, fond memory, When all things fail we turn to thee."

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Forty-six years have run their course since the concluding pages of the following narrative were written--not far short of sixty since the latest of the events recorded therein were to a living and breathing generation present realities.

Chapter 1 of The subaltern by G. R. (George Robert) Gleig holds 213 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The subaltern contain?

Chapter 1 holds 213 sentences of The subaltern, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The subaltern by G. R. (George Robert) Gleig exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 213 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The subaltern?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The subaltern

Common questions about reading The subaltern by G. R. (George Robert) Gleig on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The subaltern?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The subaltern is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The subaltern take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The subaltern section by section

How to work through The subaltern section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The subaltern to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The subaltern

Words and structures a reader meets early in The subaltern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The subaltern, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The subaltern, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The subaltern, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.