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The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction
The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
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The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.
True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.
Yet it has been in solution.
It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.
Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.
Line 2
True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.
Line 3
Yet it has been in solution.
/jet ɪt hæz bɪn ɪn səˈluːʃən/
Line 4
It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.
/ɪt hæz nɑːt bɪn θɔːt ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ɪˈnʌf tuː ˈmerət kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən fɔːr ɪts oʊn seɪk bʌt hæz bɪn ˈræðər əˈpɑːlədʒaɪzd fɔːr ˈkʌvərd ʌp wɪð ˈʌðər məˈtɪriəlz soʊ ðæt ɪts ˈprezəns ɪz ˈskersli ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/
Line 5
Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apologized verb US /əˈpɑːlədʒaɪzd/

past form of “apologize” — acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing

From this reading “It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.”

ballad noun US /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading “True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.”

constituted adjective US /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading “True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.”

defensive adjective US /dɪˈfensɪv/

intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

From this reading “Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.”

fashions noun US /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.”

materials noun US /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading “It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.”

recurring adjective US /rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ/

coming back

From this reading “True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.”

Supernatural noun US /ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl/

supernatural forces and events and beings collectively

From this reading “The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

constantly recurring adverb + adjective

In this reading “True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.”

own sake verb + noun

In this reading “It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.”

short story adjective + noun

a prose narrative shorter than a novel

In this reading “True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.”

apologized for verb + particle counted as “apologize for”

In this reading “It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

apologizedverbUS /əˈpɑːlədʒaɪzd/

past form of “apologize” — acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

balladnounUS /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Yet it has been in solution.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

defensiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfensɪv/

intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

fashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

folk-lore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

folk-tale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

Folk-Tales

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet it has been in solution.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

Kittredge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

recurringadjectiveUS /rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ/

coming back

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

solutionnounUS /səˈluːʃən/

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution

From this reading Yet it has been in solution.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

SupernaturalnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl/

supernatural forces and events and beings collectively

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Supernatural in Folk-Tales The folk-tale is one of the new fashions in fiction.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True, folk-lore has long constituted an important element of literature, constantly recurring in poetry, particularly in the ballad, in the drama, the novel, and short story.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Now, however, as Professor Kittredge says, folk-lore is no longer on the defensive, which fact is evident in fiction as elsewhere.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It has not been thought important enough to merit consideration for its own sake, but has been rather apologized for, covered up with other materials, so that its presence is scarcely recognized.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet it has been in solution.

Chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction by Dorothy Scarborough holds 300 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction contain?

Chapter 7 holds 300 sentences of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction by Dorothy Scarborough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 300 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction

Common questions about reading The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction by Dorothy Scarborough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction?

Yes. All 3972 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47204 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47204, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction take to read?

About 331 minutes of reading across 795 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction section by section

How to work through The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Supernatural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fiction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.