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The Sword of Antietam
The Sword of Antietam

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam is here in full — 375 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.
McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.
The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.
Dick was mounted again.
In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sword of Antietam

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam is here in full — 375 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.
Line 2
McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.
Line 3
The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.
/ðə kənˈfedərəts ˈæftər ðə fɪrs ˈfaɪtɪŋ ʌv ðə deɪ bɪˈfɔːr hæd əˈbændənd boʊθ ɡæps ənd ðə weɪ æt læst leɪ klɪr bɪˈfɔːr ðə ˈɑːrmi ʌv ðə pəˈtoʊmək/
Line 4
Dick was mounted again.
/dɪk wɑːz ˈmaʊntəd əˈɡen/
Line 5
In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.
/ɪn fækt hɪz hɔːrs ˈæftər ˈpʊlɪŋ ðə reɪnz frʌm hɪz hændz ənd ˈfliːɪŋ frʌm ðə kənˈfedərət ˈfaɪər hæd bɪn riˈteɪkən baɪ ə ˈmembər ʌv hɪz oʊn ˈredʒəmənt ənd rɪˈtɜːrnd tuː hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Confederate noun US /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.”

Confederates noun US /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.”

Ferry verb US /ˈferi/

transport from one place to another

From this reading “Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.”

fleeing verb US /ˈfliːɪŋ/

-ing form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading “In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.”

gaps noun US /ɡæps/

plural of “gap” — a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures

From this reading “The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.”

Harper's noun US /ˈhɑːrpərz/

possessive form of “harper” — someone who plays the harp

From this reading “Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.”

Potomac noun US /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading “The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.”

retaken verb US /riˈteɪkən/

inflected form of “retake” — take back by force, as after a battle

From this reading “In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Dick was mounted again.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

ArmynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

ConfederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

DicknounUS /dɪk/

someone who is a detective

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

enthusiasmnounUS /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

a feeling of excitement

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

FerryverbUS /ˈferi/

transport from one place to another

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

fleeingverbUS /ˈfliːɪŋ/

-ing form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

gapsnounUS /ɡæps/

plural of “gap” — a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

Harper'snounUS /ˈhɑːrpərz/

possessive form of “harper” — someone who plays the harp

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

McClellan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

mid-Septembernoun

the middle part of September

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading Dick was mounted again.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

PotomacnounUS /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

pullingnounUS /ˈpʊlɪŋ/

the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

reinsnounUS /reɪnz/

plural of “rein” — one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

retakenverbUS /riˈteɪkən/

inflected form of “retake” — take back by force, as after a battle

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading In fact his horse, after pulling the reins from his hands and fleeing from the Confederate fire, had been retaken by a member of his own regiment and returned to him.

sanguineadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

vigornounUS /ˈvɪɡər/

forceful exertion

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dick was mounted again.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Confederates, after the fierce fighting of the day before, had abandoned both gaps, and the way at last lay clear before the Army of the Potomac.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Dick and his comrades had not heard of the taking of Harper's Ferry and they were full of enthusiasm that brilliant morning in mid-September.

youthsnounUS /juːðz/

plural of “youth” — a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading McClellan, if slow to move, nevertheless had shown vigor in action, and the sanguine youths could not doubt that they had driven Lee into a corner.

Chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 375 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam contain?

Chapter 8 holds 375 sentences of The Sword of Antietam, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 375 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Sword of Antietam?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Sword of Antietam

Common questions about reading The Sword of Antietam by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Sword of Antietam?

Yes. All 5028 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7862 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Sword of Antietam is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7862, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Sword of Antietam take to read?

About 419 minutes of reading across 1006 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Sword of Antietam section by section

How to work through The Sword of Antietam section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Sword of Antietam to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Sword of Antietam

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sword of Antietam, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Southern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sword of Antietam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cavalry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sword of Antietam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Almost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sword of Antietam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Regiments
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sword of Antietam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.