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The Sylph, Volume I and II
The Sylph, Volume I and II

Chapter XXXVIII

Chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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TO Miss GRENVILLE.
Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!
Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?
Can _love_ have wrought this difference?
If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sylph, Volume I and II

Chapter XXXVIII

Chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TO Miss GRENVILLE.
Line 2
Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!
Line 3
Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?
/ɪz ðɪs tʃeɪndʒ nɑːt ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt ˈoʊɪŋ tuː jɔːr əˈtætʃmənt tuː ˈmɪstər ˈspensər/
Line 4
Can _love_ have wrought this difference?
/kæn lʌv hæv rɔːt ðɪs ˈdɪfərəns/
Line 5
If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anxieties noun US /æŋˈzaɪətiz/

plural of “anxiety” — (psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

beatings noun US /ˈbiːtɪŋz/

plural of “beating” — the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

chide verb US /tʃaɪd/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

distresses noun US /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

failings noun US /ˈfeɪlɪŋz/

plural of “failing” — a flaw or weak point

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

Spencer noun US /ˈspensər/

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

From this reading “Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?”

tumultuous adjective US /ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

wayward adjective US /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading “If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

amiableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪmiəbəl/

disposed to please

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

anxietiesnounUS /æŋˈzaɪətiz/

plural of “anxiety” — (psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

attachmentnounUS /əˈtætʃmənt/

a feeling of affection for a person or an institution

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

beatingsnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋz/

plural of “beating” — the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

Canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Can _love_ have wrought this difference?

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

chideverbUS /tʃaɪd/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

concealverbUS /kənˈsiːl/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Can _love_ have wrought this difference?

distressesnounUS /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

failingsnounUS /ˈfeɪlɪŋz/

plural of “failing” — a flaw or weak point

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

fondlyadverbUS /ˈfɑːndli/

with fondness; with love

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

GRENVILLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO Miss GRENVILLE.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Can _love_ have wrought this difference?

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Can _love_ have wrought this difference?

maidenlyadjective

befitting or characteristic of a maiden

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading TO Miss GRENVILLE.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

reposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

softnessnounUS /ˈsɔːftnəs/

the property of giving little resistance to pressure and being easily cut or molded

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

soothedverbUS /suːðd/

past form of “soothe” — give moral or emotional strength to

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

SpencernounUS /ˈspensər/

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Is this change (not improvement) owing to your attachment to Mr. Spencer?

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO Miss GRENVILLE.

tumultuousadjectiveUS /ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

waywardadjectiveUS /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Can _love_ have wrought this difference?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If it has, may it be a stranger to my bosom!--for it has ceased to make my Louisa amiable!--she, who was once all tenderness--all softness! who fondly soothed my distresses, _and felt for weakness which she never knew_-- "It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly; Our _sex_, as well as I, may chide you for it, Though I alone do feel the injury--" you, to whom I have freely exposed all the failings of my wayward heart! in whose bosom I have reposed all its tumultuous beatings!--all its anxieties!--Oh, Louisa! can you forget my _confidence_ in you, which would not permit me to conceal even my errors?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Oh, my Louisa! how is the style of your letters altered!

Chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II by Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire Cavendish holds 27 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II contain?

Chapter 38 holds 27 sentences of The Sylph, Volume I and II, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II by Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire Cavendish exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 27 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 38 of The Sylph, Volume I and II?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 38 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 38 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Sylph, Volume I and II

Common questions about reading The Sylph, Volume I and II by Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of Devonshire Cavendish on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Sylph, Volume I and II?

Yes. All 3577 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38525 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Sylph, Volume I and II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38525, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Sylph, Volume I and II take to read?

About 298 minutes of reading across 716 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Sylph, Volume I and II section by section

How to work through The Sylph, Volume I and II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Sylph, Volume I and II to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Sylph, Volume I and II

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sylph, Volume I and II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sylphs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sylph, Volume I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sylphids
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sylph, Volume I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sylph, Volume I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sylph, Volume I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.