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The Taming of the Jungle
The Taming of the Jungle

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
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For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.
They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.
In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.
The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.
Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Taming of the Jungle

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.
Line 2
They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.
Line 3
In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.
Line 4
The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.
Line 5
Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.
/ˈtendɪŋ ðer flɑːks ənd ðer hɜːrdz ənd ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪŋ ðer ˈterəst fiːldz ɪn ðə ˈsʌmər ənd ðer ˈpætʃəz ʌv raɪ ənd kɔːrn ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər ðeɪ pæs lɪvz ʌv ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən sɪmˈplɪsəti əˈmʌŋ siːnz ðæt sərˈpæs ˈaɪdə ənd oʊˈlɪmpəs ɪn ˈbjuːti ənd wɪtʃ vaɪ wɪð ðə ɡleɪdz ʌv ˈiːdən æz ˈmɪltən ənd ˈtenɪsən dɪˈskraɪbd ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arcadian noun US /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading “Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.”

Brahmin noun US /ˈbrɑːmɪn/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading “The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.”

Himalayas noun US /ˌhɪməˈlaɪəs/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading “For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.”

inhabiting verb US /ɪnˈhæbətɪŋ/

-ing form of “inhabit” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading “They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.”

migratory adjective US /ˈmaɪɡrətɔːri/

used of animals that move seasonally

From this reading “They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.”

monsoon noun US /mɑːnˈsuːn/

a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter

From this reading “They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.”

shackle noun US /ˈʃækəl/

a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)

From this reading “The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.”

terraced verb US /ˈterəst/

past form of “terrace” — provide (a house) with a terrace

From this reading “Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hot weather adjective + noun

a period of unusually high temperatures

In this reading “They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.”

during the winter preposition + article + noun counted as “during … winter”

In this reading “They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.”

far removed adverb + adjective

In this reading “In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.”

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.”

vie with verb + particle

In this reading “Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.”

better understanding adjective + noun

In this reading “For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.”

great tract adjective + noun

In this reading “For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.”

in the Province preposition + article + noun counted as “in … province”

In this reading “For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

ArcadiannounUS /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

BrahminnounUS /ˈbrɑːmɪn/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

castenounUS /kæst/

social status or position conferred by a system based on class

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

cultivatingverbUS /ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “cultivate” — foster the growth of

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

EdennounUS /ˈiːdən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

flocksnounUS /flɑːks/

plural of “flock” — a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

foothillsnounUS /ˈfʊthɪlz/

plural of “foothill” — a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

gentrynounUS /ˈdʒentri/

the most powerful members of a society

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

gladesnounUS /ɡleɪdz/

plural of “glade” — a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

high-caste

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

HimalayasnounUS /ˌhɪməˈlaɪəs/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

Hindoos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

IdanounUS /ˈaɪdə/

an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

inhabitingverbUS /ɪnˈhæbətɪŋ/

-ing form of “inhabit” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

junglenounUS /ˈdʒʌŋɡəl/

a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

Kumaon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

limitationsnounUS /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

low-caste

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

migratoryadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪɡrətɔːri/

used of animals that move seasonally

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

MiltonnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

monsoonnounUS /mɑːnˈsuːn/

a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

monstrousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːnstrəs/

abnormally large

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

OlympusnounUS /oʊˈlɪmpəs/

a mountain peak in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

Padhans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

Pantheismnoun

(rare) worship that admits or tolerates all gods

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

patchesnounUS /ˈpætʃəz/

plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

ProvincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

Rajpoots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

reportsnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrts/

plural of “report” — a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

ritualnounUS /ˈrɪtʃuːəl/

any customary observance or practice

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

ryenounUS /raɪ/

the seed of the cereal grass

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

shacklenounUS /ˈʃækəl/

a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

skirtsnounUS /skɜːrts/

plural of “skirt” — cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

surpassverbUS /sərˈpæs/

distinguish oneself

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

TendingnounUS /ˈtendɪŋ/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

TennysonnounUS /ˈtenɪsən/

Englishman and Victorian poet (1809-1892)

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

Terai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

terracedverbUS /ˈterəst/

past form of “terrace” — provide (a house) with a terrace

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

tractnounUS /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading The monstrous Pantheism of the Brahmin is unknown to them, and the ritual and severe limitations of caste that shackle the former in all the relations of life have no influence on the Padhans of Kumaon.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

vieverbUS /vaɪ/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In official reports they are described as "low-caste Hindoos;" but they are as far removed from the low-caste Hindoos of the plains, on the one hand, as they are from the high-caste Rajpoots, who are the gentry of Kumaon, on the other.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading They are a simple, primitive folk, and migratory in their ways: inhabiting the interior valleys of the hills in the hot weather and the monsoon, and the foothills and the Terai during the winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Tending their flocks and their herds, and cultivating their terraced fields in the summer and their patches of rye and corn in the winter, they pass lives of Arcadian simplicity among scenes that surpass Ida and Olympus in beauty, and which vie with the glades of Eden, as Milton and Tennyson described them.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading For a better understanding of this story, it will be necessary to say a few words concerning the people of the Terai,--the great tract of jungle that skirts the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Province of Kumaon.

Chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle by C. W. (Charles William) Doyle holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle contain?

Chapter 1 holds 23 sentences of The Taming of the Jungle, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle by C. W. (Charles William) Doyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Taming of the Jungle?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Taming of the Jungle

Common questions about reading The Taming of the Jungle by C. W. (Charles William) Doyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Taming of the Jungle?

Yes. All 1428 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35644 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Taming of the Jungle is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35644, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Taming of the Jungle take to read?

About 119 minutes of reading across 286 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Taming of the Jungle section by section

How to work through The Taming of the Jungle section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Taming of the Jungle to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Taming of the Jungle

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Taming of the Jungle, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Taming of the Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Understanding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Taming of the Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Taming of the Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Necessary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Taming of the Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.