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The Tempering
The Tempering

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Tempering is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Tempering
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.
"Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?
I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.
For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.
It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Tempering

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Tempering is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.
/ðə ˈwʌnˈtaɪm ˈkævəlri ˈliːdər kɑːt ʌp ðə ˈtʃæləndʒ ʌv ðə ˈkwestʃən/
Line 2
"Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?
/əˈpɑːn wʌt duː aɪ beɪs maɪ əˈpɪnjən sɜːr/
Line 3
I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.
/aɪ beɪs ɪt əˈpɑːn ɔːl ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ʌv maɪ laɪf ənd ɔːl maɪ kənˈsepʃənz ʌv ˈpɜːrsɪnəl ˈɑːnər/
Line 4
For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.
Line 5
It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən ɪn ðə tɜːrmz ʌv ˈneɪtʃər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

challenge verb US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading “The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.”

conceptions noun US /kənˈsepʃənz/

plural of “conception” — an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading “I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.”

contradiction noun US /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən/

opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas

From this reading “It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.”

impossibility noun US /ˌɪmpɔːsɪˈbɪlɪti/

incapability of existing or occurring

From this reading “For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.”

one-time adjective US /ˈwʌnˈtaɪm/

belonging to some prior time

From this reading “The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.”

proven adjective US /ˈpruːvən/

established beyond doubt

From this reading “For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.”

reliable adjective US /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading “For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.”

tests noun US /tests/

plural of “test” — trying something to find out about it

From this reading “For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

caught up verb + adjective counted as “catch up”

reach the point where one should be after a delay

In this reading “The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.”

experience of verb + particle

In this reading “I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

conceptionsnounUS /kənˈsepʃənz/

plural of “conception” — an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

contradictionnounUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən/

opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas

From this reading It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.

Dinwiddie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

impossibilitynounUS /ˌɪmpɔːsɪˈbɪlɪti/

incapability of existing or occurring

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

one-timeadjectiveUS /ˈwʌnˈtaɪm/

belonging to some prior time

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading I base it upon all the experience of my life and all my conceptions of personal honour.

provenadjectiveUS /ˈpruːvən/

established beyond doubt

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

reliableadjectiveUS /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading It was a contradiction in the terms of nature.

testsnounUS /tests/

plural of “test” — trying something to find out about it

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The one-time cavalry leader caught up the challenge of the question.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For such a man as Dinwiddie had proven himself to be under a score of reliable tests, the thing was a sheer impossibility.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Upon what do I base my opinion, sir?

Chapter 4 of The Tempering by Charles Neville Buck holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Tempering contain?

Chapter 4 holds 131 sentences of The Tempering, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Tempering by Charles Neville Buck exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Tempering?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Tempering

Common questions about reading The Tempering by Charles Neville Buck on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Tempering?

Yes. All 6620 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33736 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Tempering is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33736, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Tempering take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1324 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Tempering section by section

How to work through The Tempering section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Tempering to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Tempering

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Tempering, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nothin'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Tempering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Don't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Tempering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nuver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Tempering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hyarabouts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Tempering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.