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The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes, Volume 1
The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes, Volume 1

Chapter I

Cover illustration for The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
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Volume 1.
BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.
A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:
“‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.
In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes, Volume 1

Chapter I

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Volume 1.
Line 2
BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.
Line 3
A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:
Line 4
“‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.
Line 5
In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

BEFORE preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.”

Short adjective US /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading “A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:”

Understand noun US /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

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From this reading Volume 1.

1891

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

accident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.

aim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

appeared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

Basque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.

BEFOREprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

biographer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.

characters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

cures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

distinct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

follows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

friend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

Grotto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

H

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

happened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

included

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

interviewed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

Lourdes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

M

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

mere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.

Mr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

neighbourhood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

perusing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

pleasure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

Pyrenees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

reader

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

Robert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

Sherard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

spoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

subject

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

tour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

travelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

understandnounUS /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

views

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

Volume

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Volume 1.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In 1891 I happened to be travelling for my pleasure, with my wife, in the Basque country and by the Pyrenees, and being in the neighbourhood of Lourdes, included it in my tour.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

writing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.

written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “‘Lourdes’ came to be written by mere accident.

Zola

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short time before the book appeared M. Zola was interviewed upon the subject by his friend and biographer, Mr. Robert H. Sherard, to whom he spoke as follows:

Zola's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE perusing this work, it is as well that the reader should understand M. Zola’s aim in writing it, and his views—as distinct from those of his characters—upon Lourdes, its Grotto, and its cures.